See SeigelMicol, ‘Violence work: policing and power’, Race & Class59, no. 4 (April2018); CampJordan T.HeathertonChristina, eds, Policing the Planet: why the policing crisis led to Black Lives Matter (London: Verso, 2016); JonesElizabeth, ‘Racism, fines and fees and the US carceral state’, Race & Class59, no. 3 (January2018); JayMarkConklinPhilip, ‘Detroit and the political origins of “broken windows” policing’, Race & Class59, no. 2 (October2017).