1 Cited in R. Cohen , ‘Clinging to its past, Europe is warily awaiting the Euro’, New York Times (18 September 1997).
2.
2 J-B. Duroselle , Europe: a history of its peoples ( London, Viking , 1990), p. 414-414.
3.
3 D. Owen , ‘A Europe of sixteen’, Newsweek (6 August 1990), p. 54-54.
4.
4 P. Millar , ‘One-way traf.c over the Bosphorus’, The European (16–22 May 1996).
5.
5 Europe: a history of its people, op. cit., p. 17. To this Duroselle adds: ‘The anthropologist Jean Poirier has distinguished three main groups, spread out broadly from north to south. In northern Europe, he believes, there was a comparatively longheaded, fair-haired group, the Nordic race; to the south of that, a central shortheaded group comprising the east European race and four dark-haired races: Alpine, Dinaric, Anatolian, and Turanian; .nally, a southern group, long-headed and dark-haired, made up of the Mediterranean, south-western, and Indo-Afghan races. To all these, should be added a further race, the Aino, in the easternmost part of Asia.’ (Ibid., pp. 17–18)
6.
6 I. B. Neumann , ‘European identity, EU expansion, and the integration/exclusion nexus’ , Alternatives (Vol. 23, no. 3, 1998).
7.
7 Ibid., p. 406.
8.
8 Cited in I. Fisher , ‘In vast expansion of the European Union, pluses but also perils lie ahead’, New York Times (13 December 2002).
9.
9 Cited in E. Sciolino , ‘Ex-French president snubs Turks on Union bid’, New York Times (9 November 2002).
10.
10 Ibid.
11.
11 Cited in D. Filkins , ‘Turks look west; will it look away?’, New York Times (13 December 2002).
12.
12 Cited in P. C. Naylor , France and Algeria: a history of decolonization and transformation ( Gainesville, University Press of Florida , 2000), p. 18-18. The same year, Mitterrand took this sentiment even further, arguing: ‘From Flanders to the Congo there is one law, one single nation, one Parliament. This is the Constitution and it is our will’, cited in A. Clayton, The Wars of French Decolonization (London, Longman, 1994), p. 13.
13.
13 Cited in G. Tremlett , ‘Parsley warriors vow to .ght on’, Guardian (16 July 2002).
14.
14 For substantial accounts of the relationships between Melilla, Ceuta, Morocco and metropolitan Spain, incorporating a discussion of migration and the role of the EU, see P. Gold , Europe or Africa? A contemporary study of the Spanish North African enclaves of Ceuta and Melilla ( Liverpool, Liverpool University Press , 2000); H. Driessen, ‘The “new immigration” and the transformation of the European-African frontier’, in T. M. Wilson and H. Donnan (eds), Border Identities: nation and state at international frontiers (Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1998); and M. Carr, ‘Policing the frontier: Ceuta and Melilla’, Race & Class (Vol. 39, no. 1, 1997).
15.
15 S. Daley , ‘African migrants risk all on passage to Spain’, New York Times (10 July 2001).
16.
16 B. Kumm , ‘Europas las’ , Tiden (No. 3, 1999).
17.
17 R. Dunphy and B. O’Neil , ‘Living with diversity? Nation-states and national identities in contemporary Europe’, in D. Gowland , B. O’Neil and R. Dunphy (eds), The European Mosaic: contemporary politics, economics and culture ( Harlow, Pearson Education , 2000, second edition).
18.
18 Kumm , ‘Europas las’, op. cit.
19.
19 D. B. Abernethy , The Dynamics of Global Dominance: European overseas empires, 1415–1980 ( New Haven, Yale University Press , 2000), p. 4-4.
20.
20 Ibid., p. 4.
21.
21 N. Maclellan and J. Chesneaux , After Moruroa: France in the South Paci.c ( Melbourne, Ocean Press , 1998), p. 228-228.
22.
22 As Neumann notes, when Morocco applied for membership in 1986, ‘This application was dealt with in no uncertain terms; Rabat was simply told that the organization was open only to Europeans, and that was that. There was no room for ambiguity here, only unequivocal exclusion and marking of Morocco as clearly “non-European.” ’ Neumann, ‘European identity’, op. cit., p. 400.
23.
23 U. Beck, ‘Varldsmedborgare i alla lander, forena er!”, Ord & Bild (Nos. 4–5, 1998), p. 5.
24.
24 Commission of the European Communities , The European Union: key .gures ( Luxembourg, Of.ce for Of.cial Publications of the EC , 1997).
25.
25 R. Prodi , ‘Speech given by Mr. Prodi to the European Parliament – 13 April 1999’ (http://europa.eu.int/comm/commissioners/prodi/speeches/130499_en.htm, 1999).
26.
26 Commission of the European Communities , White Paper on Education and Training: teaching and learning towards the learning society, COM(95) 590 .nal ( Brussels , 29 November 1995), pp. 12-12, 50-50, 51-51.
27.
27 R. Prodi , Europe as I See it ( Cambridge, Polity , 2000), p. 34-34.
28.
28 B. Crossette, ‘Rights leaders urge Powell to attend U.N. racism conference’, New York Times (11 July 2001). See also S. Amin, ‘World Conference Against Racism: a people’s victory’, Monthly Review (Vol. 53, no. 7, 2001).
