1 Quoted by Linda Belote and Jim Belote, ‘Drain from the bottom: individual ethnic identity in Southern Ecuador’, Social Forces (Vol. 63, no. 1, 1984), p. 33-33.
2.
2 Blanca Muratorio, ‘Protestantism, ethnicity and class in Chimborazo’, in Norman Whitten Jr (ed.), Cultural Transformations and Ethnicity in Modern Ecuador (Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 1981), pp. 506–534; Norman Whitten and Diego Quiroga, ‘Ecuador’, in Minority Rights Group (ed.) No Longer Invisible: Afro-Latin Americans today (London, Minority Rights Publications, 1995), pp. 287–319; Belote and Belote, ‘Drain from the bottom’, op. cit.
3.
3 Sarah Radcliffe and Sallie Westwood, Remaking the Nation: place, identity and politics in Latin America (London, Routledge, 1996), p. 6-6.
4.
4 Nina Pacari, ‘Ecuador: taking on the neoliberal agenda’, NACLA (No. XXIX, 1996), p. 24-24.
5.
5 Jose Sanchez-Parga, Poblacio Ân y Pobreza IndõÂgenas (Quito, CAAP 1996).
6.
6 Blanca Muratorio ‘Protestantism, ethnicity and class in Chimborazo’, op. cit., p. 522.
7.
7 Leon Zamosc, ‘Agrarian protest and the Indian movement in the Ecuadorian highlands’, Latin American Research Review (Vol. 29, no. 3, 1994), p. 43-43.
8.
8 Andres Guerrero, La Sema Ântica de la Dominacion: el concertaje de Indios (Quito, Libri Mundi, 1991).
9.
9 See chapter 2 of my book El Racismo en Ecuador: experiencias de los Indios de clase media (Quito, CAAP, 1996).
10.
10 Paul Cliche and Fernando Garcõa, Escuela e Indianidad en las Urbes Ecuatorianas, (Quito, EB/PRODEC, n/d.), p. 65.
11.
11 Mary Jackman, The Velvet Glove: paternalism and conflict in gender, class, and race relations (Berkeley, University of California Press, 1994), pp. 77–78.
12.
12 Ibid., p. 83.
13.
13 Ibid., p. 80.
14.
14 Leon Zamosc, ‘Agrarian protest’, op. cit., p. 43.
15.
15 Ibid., p. 43.
16.
16 Jose Sanchez-Parga, Poblacio Ân y Pobreza IndõÂgenas, op. cit.
17.
17 William Waters, ‘The road of many returns: rural bases of the informal urban economy in Ecuador’, Latin American Perspectives (Vol. 24, no. 3, 1997), pp. 55–56.
18.
18 Rafael Quintero and Erika Silva, Ecuador: una nacio Ân en ciernes, Volume 3, (Quito, FLACSO and ABYA-YALA, 1991), pp. 265–6.
19.
19 Cliche and Garcõa, Escuela e Indianidad, op. cit., p. 108.
