Power and Organizational Development: A Framework for Organizational Change

Greiner L.E. and Schein V. Power and Organization Development: Mobilizing Power to Implement Change, Reading, Mass.: Addison-Westley, 1988.

Sanzgiri J. and Gottleib J. ‘Philosophic and Pragmatic Influences on the Practice of Organization Development, 1950–2000’, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 21, No. 2, 1992, pp. 57–69.

Smye M. ‘Choosing a Strategy for Change’,Inside Guide, December 1991, pp. 56–57.

Pettigrew A.M. ‘Towards a Political Theory of Organizational Intervention’, Human Relations, Vol. 28, 1975, pp. 191–208; Huff, A.S., ‘Organizations and Political Systems: Implications for Diagnosis, Change, and Stability’, in Systems Theory for Organization Development, (ed) Cummings T.G. , London: Wiley, 1980; Greiner, L.E. and Schein, V., op cit; Hardy, C., ‘The Nature of Unobtrusive Power‘, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 22,1985, pp. 384–399; Schein, V., ‘Organizational Realities: The Politics of Change’, in Contemporary Organization Development: Current Thinking and Applications, (ed) D.D. Warrick, Glenview, Ill., Scott Foresman & Co., 1985.

Schein V. op cit.

Golembiewski R.T. Billingsley K. and Yeager S. ‘Measuring Change and Persistence in Human Affairs: Types of Change Generated by OD Designs’, The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science, Vol. 12, 1976, pp. 133–157, talks of alpha, beta and gamma change.

Beer M. Eisenstat R.A. and Spector B. ‘Why Change Programmes Don't Produce Change’, Harvard Business Review, Nov-Dec 1990, pp. 158–166.

Golembiewski et al, 1976,p. 139.

Lukes S. Power: A Radical View, London, Macmillan, 1974.

Pettigrew , op cit; Pfeffer, J. , Power in Organizations, Marshfield, Mass.: Pitman, 1981; Benfari, R.C. , Wilkinson H.E. and Orth, C.D. , ‘The Effective Use of Power’, Business Horizons, May-June 1986, pp. 12–16.

Bachrach P. and Baratz M.S. ‘The Two Faces of Power’, American Political Science Review, Vol. 56, 1962, pp. 947–52.

Bachrach and Baratz , 1962.

Frost P. J. and Egri C. P. ‘The Political Process of Innovation’ in Research in Organizational Behaviour, 13, 1991, pp. 229–295.

Based on research interviews and participant observation. Names are disguised.

Based on Westley, F. , ‘The Eye of the Needle: Cultural and Personal Transformation in a Traditional Organization’, Human Relations, Vol. 43, 1990, pp. 273–293.

Westley , op cit,p. 278.

Westley , op cit,p. 282.

Based on research interviews and participant observation. Names are disguised.

Beer et al, op cit; Schaffer, R. H. and Thomson, H.A. , ‘Successful Change for Programs Begin with Results’, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 70, Jan-Feb, pp. 80–89.

Adapted from Schaffer and Thomson , 1992,p. 89.