HambrickD.C., and MasonP.A., ‘Upper Echelons: The Organization as a Reflection of its Top Managers’,Academy of Management Review,9, 1984, pp. 193–206.
2.
BourgeoisL.J., ‘Performance and Consensus’,Strategic Management Journal, 1, 1980, pp. 227–48; Cosier, R.A., ‘Dialectical Inquiry in Strategic Planning: A Case of Premature Acceptance?‘ Academy of Management Review, 6, 1981, pp. 643-48; and Mintzberg, H., ‘Patterns in Strategy Formation’, Management Science, 24, 1978, pp. 934-49.
3.
StagnerR., ‘Corporate Decision Making: An Empirical Study’,Journal of Applied Psychology, February 1969, pp. 1–13.
4.
MintzbergH., RaisinghaniD., and TheoretA., ‘The Structure of “Unstructured” Decision Processes’,Administrative Science Quarterly, 21, June 1976, pp. 246–75.
5.
PetersT.J., and WatermanR. H.Jr., In Search of Excellence, New York: Harper & Row,1982.
6.
DonaldsonG., and LorschJ. W., Decision Making at the Top, New York: Basic Books,1983.
7.
HicksonD.J., Top Decisions: Strategic Decision-making in Organizations, Oxford: Blackwell, 1986.
8.
ChandlerA.D., Strategy and Structure: Chapters in the History of American Enterprise, Cambridge: M.I.T. Press,1962.
9.
HambrickD.C., ‘The Top Management Team: Key to Strategic Success’,California Management Review, Vol. 30, No. 1, 1987, pp. 88–108; and Norburn, D., ‘The Chief Executive: A Breed Apart’, Strategic Management Journal, 10, 1989, pp. 1-15.
10.
ShrivastavaP., and GrantJ.H., ‘Empirically Derived Models of Strategic Decision-Making Processes’,Strategic Management Journal, 6, 1985, pp. 97–113.
11.
BourgeoisL. J., ‘Strategy and Environment: A Conceptual Integration’,Academy of Management Review, January 1980, pp. 25–40.
12.
Mintzberg, Raisinghani, and Theoret, op. cit., and MasonR.O., and MitroffI. I., Challenging Strategic Planning Assumptions, New York: Wiley, 1981.
13.
HarrisonE.F., Policy, Strategy and Managerial Action, Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1986.
14.
TrullS.G., ‘Some Factors Involved in Determining Total Decision Success’,Management Science, 12, February 1966, pp. B-270–B-280.
15.
MintzbergH., ‘The Design School: Reconsidering the Basic Premises of Strategic Management’,Strategic Management Journal, 11, 1990, pp. 171–96.
16.
Van CauwenberghA., and CoolK., ‘Strategic Management in a New Framework’,Strategic Management Journal, 3, 1982, pp. 245–64.
17.
AndrewsK.R., The Concept of Corporate Strategy, rev. ed. Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1980.
18.
Harrison, Policy, Strategy and Managerial Action.
19.
Trull, op. cit., p. B-270.
20.
Ibid., p. B-272.
21.
HarrisonE.F., The Managerial Decison-Making Process, 3rd ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin,1987.
22.
SteinerG.A., Top Management Planning, New York: Macmillan, 1969, pp. 263–84.
23.
BronnerR., Decision Making Under Time Pressure, Lexington, MA: D. C. Heath,1982.
24.
SimonH.A., ‘A Behavioural Model of Rational Choice’,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 69, February 1955, pp. 99–118.
25.
WitteE., ‘Field Research on Complex Decision-Making Processes –- The Phase Theorem’,International Studies of Management and Organization, II, 2, Summer 1972, pp. 156–82.
26.
Trull, op. cit., p. B-275.
27.
StiglerG.J., ‘The Economics of Information’,The Journal of Political Economy, 69, 1961, pp. 213–25.
28.
GemunderH.G., and HauschildtJ., ‘Number of Alternatives and Efficiency in Different Types of Top Management Decisions’,European Journal of Operational Research, 22, 1985, pp. 178–90.
29.
Trull, op. cit., p. B-276.
30.
Ibid., p. B-278.
31.
Andrews, op. cit.
32.
HegartyW.H., and HoffmanR.C., ‘Who Influences Strategic Decisions?’Long Range Planning, 20, 2, 1987, pp. 76–85.
33.
Hambrick, ‘The Top Management Team: Key to Strategic Success’.
34.
HambrickD.C., ‘Strategic Awareness Within Top Management Teams’,Strategic Management Journal,2, 1981, pp. 263–79.
35.
Norburn, ‘The Chief Executive: A Breed Apart’.
36.
ArmourH.O., and TeeceD.J., ‘Organization Structure and Economic Performance: A Test of Multi-Dimensional Hypothesis’,Bell Journal of Economics, 9, 1978, pp. 106–22.
37.
FisherN., and HallG.R., ‘Risk and Corporate Rates of Return’,Quarterly Journal of Economics, 83, 1969, pp. 79–92.
38.
ShepherdW.G., The Economics of Industrial Organization, Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1969.
39.
Singh,Jitendra V., ‘Performance, Slack, and Risk Taking in Organizational Decision Making’,Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29, No. 3, 1986, pp. 562–85.
40.
Williams,Edward E., and FindlayM. ChapmanIII, ‘A Reconsideration of the Rationality Postulate: “Right Hemisphere Thinking” in Economics’,American Journal of Economics and Sociology, 40, 1, 1981, p. 17.
41.
Trull, op. cit., p. B-278.
42.
BairdInga, and ThomasHoward, ‘Toward a Contingency Model of Strategic Decision Making’,Academy of Management Review, 10, 2, 1985, pp. 230–43.
43.
Trull, op. cit., p. B-279.
44.
Stagner, op. cit.
45.
Harrison, The Managerial Decision-Making Process.
46.
AluttoJ.A., and BelascoJ.A., ‘A Typology for Participation in Organizational Decision Making’,Administrative Science Quarterly, March 1972, pp. 117–25.
47.
VroomV.H., and YettonP.W., Leadership Behavior on Standardized Cases, Technical Report No. 3, New Haven: Yale University Press,1973.
48.
Bass,Bernard M., Organizational Decision Making, Homewood, Ill.: Irwin, 1983, p. 96.
49.
March,Jones G., and Shapira,Zur, ‘Managerial Perspectives on Risk and Risk Taking’,Management Science, 33, 1, 1987, pp. 1404–18.
50.
MacCrimmon,Kenneth R., and Wehrung,Donald A., Taking Risks: The Management of Uncertainty, New York: Free Press,1986.