How Japanese Managers Learn

Whitehill A.M. , Japanese Management: Tradition and Transition, London: Routledge, 1991.

Gospel, H.F., (ed.), Industrial Training and Technological Innovation: A Comparative and Historical Study, London: Routledge, 1991.

Dore R. , British Factory - Japanese Factory, London: Allen and Unwin, 1973. Dore, R.P. and Sako, M., How the Japanese Learn to Work, London: Routledge, 1989, pp. 13–32.

Locke R.R. , Management and Higher Education since 1940: The Influence of America and Japan on West Germany, Great Britain and France, Cambridge: CUP, 1989.

Whitehill , op. cit. p. 79.

Amaya T. , Recent Trends in Human Resource Development, Tokyo: Japan Institute of Labour, 1990.

Levine S.B. , and Kawada H. , Human Resources in Japanese Industrial Development, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1980.

Karsh B. , ‘Human Resources Management in Japanese Large-scale Industry’, Journal of Industrial Relations, Vol. 26, no. 2, June 1984, pp. 226–45.

Tesar G. , and Suzuki N. , ‘Management Training Programmes in Japan’, The Business Graduate, no. 23–24, January 1984, p. 23.

Gow I. , ‘Japan’ in Handy C. , Gordon C. , Gow I. , and Randlesome C. , Making Managers, London: Pitman, 1988, p. 22.

Amaya , op cit. p. 21.

McMillan C.J. , The Japanese Industrial System, Berlin: de Gruyter, 1984, p. 226.

McMillan , op. cit., p. 203.

Cole R.E. , Work, Mobility and Participation: A Comparative Study of American and Japanese Industry, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1979.

Cole , op. cit., p. 203.

Cole , op. cit., p. 204.

Okuda K. , ‘Managerial Evolution in Japan, 1, 1911–1925’, Management Japan, Vol. 5, no. 3, 1971, p. 8.

See Gow , op. cit., for further examples.

McMillan , op cit. p. 226.

Hayashi S. , Culture and Management in Japan, Tokyo: Tokyo University Press, p. 73.

Whitehill , op.cit., pp. 238–40.

MacDonald J. , and Piggott J. , Global Quality: The New Management Culture, London: Mercury Books, 1990, p. 102.

Hutchins D. , Quality Circles Handbook, London: Pitman, 1985, p. 246.

Hutchins , op.cit., p. 249.

Locke R.R. , The End of the Practical Man: Entrepreneurship and Higher Education in Germany, France and Great Britain 1880–1940, Greenwich, Conn: JAI Press, 1984.

Warner M. , ‘Industrialisation, Management Education and Training Systems: A Comparative Analysis’, Journal of Management Studies, vol. 24, no. 1, 1987, pp. 20–28.

Marceau J. , A Family Business? The Making of an International Business Elite, Cambridge: CUP, 1989.

Times Higher Education Supplement, 27 April 1990, p. 13 and 14 February 1992, p. 10.

Whitehall , op cit. p. 168.

Tung R.L. , ‘Language Training and Beyond: The Case of Japanese Multinationals’, The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Vol. 511, September 1990, p. 101.

Tung , op.cit., pp. 97–108.

Tung , op.cit., p. 99.

Warner , op.cit.

Gospel , op.cit., p. 6.

Randlesome C. , ‘Germany’, in Handy, et al, op.cit., 1988, p. 143.

Locke , op cit. 1989, pp. 159ff.

See Financial Times special supplement, 3 December 1990.

Amaya , op.cit., p. 22.

See Note 37 above.

See The Economist, Survey of Management Education, 2 March 1991. Also Ballon R.J. , Foreign Competition in Japan: Human Resources Strategies, London: Routledge, 1992, pp. 70–85.