British and American Trade Union Organisational Structures: Convergence or Divergence?

See, for example, the Green Paper Consultative Document, Trade Union Immunuities, London, HMSO, Cmnd. 8128, January 1981.

Taylor Rober , The Fifth Estate: Britain's Unions in the Modern World, London, Pan Books, 1980 paperback edition, p. 24.

Juris, Hervey A. and Myron Roomkin (eds.), The Shrinking Perimeter: Unionism and Labour Relations in the Manufacturing Sector, New York, Lexington Books, 1980 p. ix.

See Edelstein, David J. and Malcolm Warner , Comparative Union Democracy: Organization and Opposition in British and American Unions, New Brunswick, N.J., Transaction Books, 1979 paperback edition.

See Gabriel Almond and Sidney Verba , The Civic Culture, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1963; also, Vanneman, Reeve D. , “US and British perceptions of class”, American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 85 No. 4, January 1980, pp. 769–790, for a particularly useful research-study.

Pelling Henry , American Labor, Chicago, University of Chicago Press, 1960, p. 211.

See John Hughes , Trade Union Structure & Government, London, HMSO, 1968, Part 1, p. 3.

See Henry Pelling , op. cit., Chapter 7, pp. 155 ff.

See Florence Peterson , American Labor Unions, New York, Harper & Row, 1963, p. 32.

Starbuck William H. , “Organizational Growth and Development”, in March, James G. (ed.), Handbook of Organizations, Chicago, Rand McNally, 1965, p. 451.

Sidney Webb and Beatrice, A History of Trade Unionism, London, Longman, 1920 edition, p. 1 (“of their employment” was the term used in the 1st edition in 1894).

See Turner, Herbert A. , Trade Union Growth, STructure and Policy, London, George Allen & Unwin, London, 1962.

See John Hughes , op. cit., Part 1, p. 5.

See Runciman W. G. , Relative Deprivation and Social Justice, London, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1966.

See Dill, William R. , “Business Organizations” in March, James G. (ed.), op. cit., pp. 1071–1072; also Howard Aldrich , Organizations & Environments, Englewood Cliffs, N.J., Prentice-Hall, 1979.

See Robert Taylor , op. cit., p. 14.

See David Edelstein, J. & Warner, Malcolm, op. cit.

Perlman Selig , A Theory of the Labor Movement, London, MacMillan, 1928.

Hoxie Robert F. , Trade Unionism in the United States, New York, Appleton, 1920.

Tannenbaum Frank , A Philosophy of Labor, New York, Knopf, 1951.

Lester Richard A. , As Unions Mature, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1958, p. 3.

Quoted in Lester, Richard A. , op. cit., p. 5.

Lester Richard A. , op. cit., p. 21.

See Malcolm Warner , “The big trade unions: militancy or maturity”, New Society, December 1969, No. 376, pp. 938–939.

See Lipset, Martin Seymour , “Trade unions and social structure: I”, Industrial Relations, Vol. 1 No. 1, October 1962, pp. 75–89.

See David Edelstein, J. and Malcolm Warner , op. cit.

See Von Klaus Beyme , Challenge to Power: Trade Unions and Industrial Relations in Capitalist Countries, London, Sage, 1980, p. 6.

See Frank Heller , Malcolm Wilders , Peter, Abell and Malcolm Warner , What Do The British Want From Participation and Industrial Democracy? London, 1979, Anglo-German Foundation, St. Stephen's House, SW1A 2LA. To be fair, the Green Paper (1981), op. cit., does tread somewhat carefully concerning the role of law in improving industrial relations: see, for example, “What is the role of the law in improving industrial relations? Where a society has a tradition of legal regulation in industrial relations — as in West Germany —the law has a better chance, over the years, of reinforcing and encouraging responsible behaviour on both sides. But in Britain, where there is a different tradition, attempts to secure reform by means of legal restraint on trade union power have had to contend with obstructive and uncooperative attitudes. If the law is to be respected and to play a useful role in changing behaviour these atttitudes have to be overcome. The law by itself cannot change such attitudes overnight” (p. 4).

See Will Paynter , British Trade Unions and the Problem of Change, London, George Allen & Unwin, 1970; also, Arndt Sorge and Malcolm Warner , “The context of industrial relations in Great Britain and West Germany”, Industrial Relations Journal, Vol. 11 No. 1, Spring 1980, pp. 41–49.