City Manager – Professional Administrator in Local Government

Forms of Municipal Government (New York: National Municipal League, 1973), p. 8.

Forms of Municipal Government (New York: National Municipal League, 1973), p. 9.

Childs Richard S. , The First 50 Years of the Council-Manager Plan of Municipal Government (New York: National Municipal League, 1965), p. 9.

Childs Richard S. , The First 50 Years of the Council-Manager Plan of Municipal Government (New York: National Municipal League, 1965), pp. 10–11.

The Municipal Management Directory (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), p. 1.

The Municipal Management Directory (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), p. 2.

Municipal Year Book (Washington, D.C.: Internnational City Management Association, 1971), p. 15.

Bromage Arthur W. , Manager Plan Abandonments (6th ed.; New York: National Municipal League, 1964).

See the following viewpoints and research findings concerning the community leadership role of the city manager: Symposium on “Leadership and Decision-Making in Manager Cities,” Public Administration Review, XVIII (Summer, 1958), 208–22; Harrell C.A. and Weiford D.G. , “The City Manager and the Policy Process,” Public Administration Review, XIX (Spring, 1959), 101–07; Ridley Clarence E. , The Role of the City Manager in Policy Formulation (Chicago: International City Managers’ Association, 1958); [ Carrel Jeptha J. ], The Role of the City Manager: Views of Councilmen and Managers, Report of a Study in Six Cities, Public Affairs Monograph Series — No. 2 (Kansas City, Missouri: Community Studies, Inc., 1962); Wright Deil S. , The City Manager as a Development Administrator, CAG Occasional Papers (Bloomington, Indiana: Comparative Administration Group, American Society for Public Administration, 1968); Bollens John C. and Ries John C. , The City Manager Profession: Myths and Realities (Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1969); Loveridge Ronald O. , City Managers in Legislative Politics (Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971).

An exploration of this issue can be found in Roberts Friedman , Professionalism: Expertise and Policy Making (New York: General Learning Press, 1971).

Stillman Richard J. II, The Modern City Manager: A 1971 Profile of a Public Professional in American Local Government (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1971), p. 6.

Statistical surveys of city managers made prior to World War II include Cohen Joseph A. , “City Managership as a Profession,” Supplement, National Municipal Review (July, 1924), pp. 391–411; White Leonard D. , The City Manager (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1927); Ridley Clarence E. and Nolting Orin F. , The City Manager Profession (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1934); Stone Harold A. , Price Don K. , and Stone Kathryn H. , City Manager Government in the United States (Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1940). More recent profiles of the professional and personal characteristics of city managers were included in the 1964 and 1965 editions of the Municipal Year Book, published by the International City Managers’ Association. The most recent study was reported by Stillman Richard J. II, The Modern City Manager: A 1971 Profile of a Public Professional in American Local Government (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1971).

Stillman , The Modern City Manager, pp. 17–8.

Stillman , The Modern City Manager, pp. 6–7.

Stillman , The Modern City Manager, p. 10, Tables 4 and 5.

Stillman , The Modern City Manager, p. 11, Table 6.

The Municipal Management Directory, 1973 (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), p. 1.

The Municipal Management Directory, 1973 (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), p. 2.

The Municipal Management Directory, 1973 (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), pp. 2–3.

Report of the Executive Director, 1972–73, ICMA (Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973), pp. 11–5.

Stillman , The Modern City Manager, pp. 5–6.

Mulrooney Keith F. , symposium editor, “The American City Manager: An Urban Administrator in a Complex and Evolving Situation,” Public Administration Review, XXXI (January-February, 1971), pp. 6–46.

Fletcher Thomas W. , “What is the Future for Our Cities and the City Manager?” Public Administration Review, XXXI(January-February, 1971,)p. 18.

Adrian Charles R. “Leadership and Decision-Making in Manager Cities: A Study of Three Communities.” Public Administration Review, XVIII (Summer, 1958), 208–13.

Blair George S. American Local Government. New York: Harper & Row, 1964.

Bollens John C. and Ries John C. The City Manager Profession: Myths and Realities. Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1969.

Booth David A. “Council-Manager Government in Small Cities.” Public Management, IV (November, 1973), 7–9.

Bosworth Karl A. “The Manager Is a Politician.” Public Administration Review, XVIII (Summer, 1958), 216–22.

Bromage Arthur W. Manager Plan Abandoments. 6th ed. New York: National Municipal League, 1964.

Brunton Robert L. , and Besuden William E. Internship Training for City Management. Chicago: The international City Managers’ Association, 1960.

Carrell Jeptha J. The Role of the City Manager: Views of Councilmen and Managers, Report of a Study in Six Cities. Public Affairs Monograph Series — No. 2. Kansas City, Missouri: Community Studies, Inc., 1962.

Childs Richard S. The First 50 Years of the Council-Manager Plan of Municipal Government. New York: National Municipal League, 1965.

Employment Guidelines for Urban Administrators. Chicago: International City Management Association, 1971.

Forms of Municipal Government. New York: National Municipal League, 1973.

Friedman Robert S. Professionalism: Expertise and Policy Making. New York: General Learning Press, 1971.

Harrell C. A. , and Weiford D. G. “The City Manager and the Policy Process.” Public Administration Review, XIX(Spring, 1959), 101–7.

International City Management Association. City Management Code of Ethics. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973.

Koehler Cortus T. “Policy Development and Legislative Oversight in Council Manager Cities: An Information and Communication Analysis.” Public Administration Review, XXXIII(September-October, 1973),433–41.

Loveridge Ronald O. City Managers in Legislative Politics. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.

Mulrooney Keith F. , symposium editor. “The American City Manager: An Urban Administrator in a Complex and Evolving Situation.” Public Administration Review, XXXI (January-February, 1971), 6–46.

The Municipal Management Directory, 1973. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1973.

Pealy Dorthee Strauss. “The Need for Elected Leadership.” Public Administration Review, XVIII (Summer, 1958), 214–16.

Program of Professional Development for Urban Management: A Policy Statement — 1964. Chicago: The International City Managers’ Association, 1964.

Report of the Executive Director, 1972–73, ICMA. Washington, D.C. International City Management Association, 1973.

Sherbenou Edgar L. “Class, Participation, and the Council-Manager Plan.” Public Administration Review, XXI (Summer, 1961), 131–35.

Stene Edwin O. Selecting a Professional Municipal Administrator: A Guide for Municipal Councils. Career Development Series. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1972.

Stillman Richard J. , II. The Modern City Manager: A 1971 Profile of a Public Professional in American Local Government. Career Development Series. Washington, D.C.: International City Management Association, 1971.

Stone Harold A. ; Price Don K. ; and Stone Kathryn H. City Manager Government in the United States. Chicago: Public Administration Service, 1940.