Charismatic Leadership in Contemporary Management Debates

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See Jordan P.J. , Ashkenazy N.M. , and Hartel C.E.J. , 'Emotional Intelligence as a Moderator of Emotional and Behavioural Reactions to Job Insecurity' Academy of Management Review, Vol. 27, (3), 2002, pp. 361–372.

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Willner , 1984, op. cit.

Although, as Willner points out, he allowed Napoleon Bonaparte the status of charismatic leader, despite the fact that the latter inhabited a world which had already experienced the allegedly decisive influence of Descartes.

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Bradley R.T. , Charisma and Social Structure, New York: Paragon House, 1987.

Willner , 1984, op. cit.

Wilson , 1975, op. cit. Arguably, the context should also be that of a total institution, as described by Goffman [82].

Wilson , 1975, op. cit.

Bradley , 1987, op. cit.

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Weber , 1963, op. cit.

See for example Kotter J. , and Cohen D. , The Heart of Change: Real-Life stories of how People Change their Organizations, Boston, Mass: Harvard Business School, 2002.

Wilson , 1975, op. cit.

Willner , 1984, op. cit.

Ellis , 1991, op. cit.

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Williams , 2002, op. cit.

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Victor Turner recognised this dialectical relationship which communion has with structure. He used the term 'communitas', in the sense of the idea that behind a highly ordered structured society there is a human bond without which society would not exist [83]. It has to be seen as the complement of structure: both need to be participated in and acknowledged by the members of society. Very often the resolution of the internal conflict which flows from the dialectical relationship takes place in the context of ritual.

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Ellis , 1991, op. cit.

Gabriel , 1997, op. cit.

Weese , 1994, op. cit. Glassman's [84] work on manufactured charisma and Ling's [85] description of synthetic charisma treat charisma as being processual and socially constructed. It has been argued [86] that the metaphor of 'manufacture' is indispensable to modern analyses because it emphasises the amenability of charisma to conscious use and manipulation.

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Behling , and McFillen , 1996, op. cit.

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Bilu Y. , and Ben-Ari E. , 'The Making of Modern Saints: Manufactured Charisma and the Abu-Hatseiras of Israel', American Ethnologist, Vol. 19, (4), 1992, pp. 672–687.