Works that have examined Japan's aid programme in the context of its foreign policy include Alan Rix , Japan's Economic Aid: Policy-Making and Politics (London: Croom Helm, 1980) ; and Dennis T. Yasumoto, The Manner of Giving: Strategic Aid and Japanese Foreign Policy (Lexington, MA: Lexington Books, 1986).
2.
The first definition of 'comprehensive security' appeared in a report issued in May 1978 by the National Institute for Research Advancement (NIRA) and the Nomura Research Institute, Kokusai kankyo no henka to Nihon no iaio - 21 seiki e no teigen (Changes in the International Environment and Japan's Response to Them: Recommendations for the Twenty-first Century, pp. 145-8.
3.
International Herald Tribune, 23 August 1985 .
4.
Daily Yomiyuri, 27 January 1987.
5.
Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Gaiko Seisho (Diplomatic Blue Book), 1980, p. 220; 1981 after Prime Minister Zenko Suzuki and President Ronald Reagan met in Washington.
6.
'One member of the West' (Nishigawa no ichinn) is the generally used term. In its 1981 Diplomatic Blue Book (op. cit., p 14) the Foreign Ministry used the phrase 'one member of the advanced democratic community' (senshin minshushugi shakai no ichiin); in the 1987 edition (p. 3) the official terminology was 'one member of the (community of) free democracies' (jiyu minshushugi shokoku no ichiin).
7.
Concerning the political aspects of aid to China and the Philippines, refer to Research Institute for Peace and Security (RIPS), Asian Security1985, pp. 171-5.
8.
Gaiko Seisho, 1959, p. 27.
9.
Interview with an aid offical of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs,
10.
Domestic politicians will also occasionally make requests concerning the foreign aid programme, but almost invariably these are either for an increase in the total ODA budget or for funding for some specific project; they do not entail major changes in the country-by-country distribution of aid.
11.
Interview with an aid official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
12.
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 16 April 1980, and interview with a politician of the Liberal Democratic Party.
13.
Hong N. Kim , 'Politics of Japan's Economic Aid to South Korea ', Asia-Pacific Community (No. 20, Spring 1983).
14.
Rips, op cit, pp. 170-1.
15.
Economic Co-operation Bureau, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Keizai Kyoryokuo no Rinen - Seifu Kaihatsu Enjo wa Naze Okonau no ka (The Philosophy of Economic Co-operation: Why Give Official Development Assistance?) (Tokyo: Association for Promotion of International Co-operation, 1981), pp. 75-84.
16.
Ken Matsui , Keizai Kyoryoku: Towareru Nihon no Keizai Gaikou (Economic Co-operation), Yuhikaku, 1983, pp. 151-7.
17.
Juichi Inada , 'Hatten Tojokoku to Nihon: Taigai Enjo Seisaku no Henyou Katei', in Akio Watanabe, ed. Sengo Nihon no Taigai Seisaku, Yuhikaku, 2985, pp. 298-302.
18.
Nihon Keizai Shimbun, 25 October 1979.
19.
Interview with an aid official of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
20.
Interview with and aid official of the Overseas Economic Co-operation Fund (OECF).
21.
Nihon Keizai Shimbun 2 May (evening), 22 May. 24 May and 29 May 1985.
