Political Entropy and American Decline

See Paul Kennedy , The Rise and Fall of the GreatPowers (London: Unwin Hyman, 1988); Robert Gilpin , The Political Economy of International Relations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1987).

Cf Susan Strange , 'The Persistent Myth of Lost Hegemony', International Organization (Vol. 41, No. 4, Autumn 1987), pp. 551-74; Susan Strange , States and Markets: An Introduction to International Political Economy ( London: Pinter, 1988); and Stephen Gill , 'American Hegemony: Its Limits and Prospects in the Reagan Era', Millennium: Journal of International Studies(Vol. 15, No. 3, Winter 1986 ), pp. 311-36.

Angus Maddison , Phases of Capitalist Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1982).

As in Henry A. Kissinger , A World Restored: Metternich, Castereagh and the Problems of Peace. 1812-22 (Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin, 1957). On the Reagan era, see Kenneth Oye , Robert J. Lieber and David Rothchild (eds.), Eagle Resurgent: American Foreign Policy in the Reagan Era ( London: Longman, 1987).

As in Theodore J. Lowi , The End of Liberalism: Ideology, Polity and the Crisis of Public Authority (New York: Norton, 1969).

See David A. Stockman, The Triumph of Politics: Why the Reagan Revolution Failed (New York: Harper and Row, 1986).

See Milton Plesur , America's Outward Thrust : Approaches to Foreign Affairs, 1865-1890 (DeKalb, IL : Northern Illinois University Press, 1971).

Cf. Charles Tilly (ed.), The Formation of National States in Western Europe (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1978); R.J. Holton , The Transition from Feudalism to Capitalism (London: Macmillan, 1985); and Barrington Moore, Jr. , Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy: Landlord and Peasant in the Making of the Modern World (Harmondsworth: Penguin, 1967).

The classic expression is in E.E. Schattschneider , The Semisovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in the United States (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1960).

Cf Eric A. Nordlinger , On the Autonomy of the Democratic State (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press , 1981), and P.G. Cerny , The Architecture of Politics (London: Sage, forthcoming).

See Hugh Heclo , 'Issue Networks and the Executive Establishment' in Anthony King (ed.), The New American Political System (Washington, DC: American Enterprise Institute, 1978), ch. 3; cf. Hedrick Smith , The Power Game: How Washington Really Works (New York: Random House, 1987).

Cf. Hugh Heclo , 'Introduction: The Presidential Illusion' in Heclo and Lester M. Salamon (eds.), The Illusion of Presidential Government ( Boulder, CO: Westview. 1981): Roger B. Porter , 'Appendix: Three Organizational Models; Adhocracy, Centralized Management and Multiple Advocacy' in Porter, Presidential Decision Making: The Economic Policy Board (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980); and Godfrey Hodgson , All Things to All Men: The False Promise of the American Presidency , 2nd Edition (Harmondsworth : Penguin, 1984).

Stockman, op. cit.

As argued in Francis E. Rourke , 'Bureaucracy in the American Constitutional Order', Political Science Quarterly (Vol. 102, No. 2, Summer 1987), pp. 217-32.

Stockman , op. cit, p. 391.

Cf. Marcel Merle , The Sociology of International Relations (London: Berg. 1987): and Barry Buzan , People, States and Fear: The National Security Problem in International Relations (Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press. 1983).

Oye, Lieberand Rothchild , op. cit

For example, Robert O. Keohane , After Hegemony: Cooperation and Discord in the World Political Economy (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1984).

See P.G. Cerny , The Politics of Grandeur: Ideological Aspects of de Gaulle's Foreign Policy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1980); also Kenneth Dyson (ed.). European Detente: Case Studies of the Politics of East- West Relations (London : Pinter, 1986).

See John Zysman and Laura Tyson (eds.). American Industry in International Competition (Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1983).

On the period up to the mid-1970s, see Fred Block , The Origins of International Economic Disorder (Berkeley, CA: University of California Press, 1977); on changes in the 1970s and 1980s, see Susan Strange , Casino Capitalism ( Oxford: Blackwell, 1986).

Cf. Robert B. Reich. The Next American Frontier: A Provocative Program for Economic Renewal (New York: Times Books. 1983); and Zysman and Tyson , op. cit

Gary Hart , A New Democracy: A Democratie Vision for the 1980s and Beyond ( New York: Quill, 1983 ), part 1.

See Stanley Hoffman , 'Paradoxes of the French Political Community ' in Hoffmann et al, In Search of France (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1963). pp. 1- 117.

Stephen Gill , op. cit

P.G. Cerny , 'From the Welfare State to the Competition State' in Christopher Farrands (ed.), Industrial Intervention in France and Britain (London: University Association for Contemporary European Studies, forthcoming).