In writing this article I am indebted to David Long's help and encouragement; and the ideas of Hans Kelsen , in particular those expressed in his General Theory of Law and State, trans. Anders Wedberg (New York : Russell and Russell, 1945). By 'state-organ' I mean throughout this article Kelsen's 'state-organ in the narrower sense of the term: The organ is appointed or elected for a specific function; the performance of this function has to be his main or even legally exclusive profession; he has the right to receive a salary from the treasury of State' (p. 193). The page numbers in the text refer to Fred Halliday, 'State and Society in International Relations: A Second Agenda', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 16, No. 2, 1987).
