I am, of course, aware that this is by no means an uncontentious assertion. The argument is put forward in more detail in my chapter 'Incommensurability, International Theory and Fragmentation of Western Political Culture' in J. Gibbins (ed.), Politics and Contemporary Culture (London: Sage , 1988).
2.
Mark Hoffman , 'Critical Theory and the Inter-Paradigm Debate ' in Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 16, No. 2. 1987), pp. 231-49.
3.
Ibid, p. 231.
4.
See, for example, Charles Beitz, Political Theory and International Relations (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979).
5.
K.N. Waltz, Theory of International Politics (Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1979).
6.
R.K. Ashley 'The Poverty of Neo-Realism', International Organization (Vol. 38, No. 2, 1984), and 'Political Realism and Human Interests'. International Studies Quarterly (Vol. 25, No. 2, 1981).
7.
Robert W. Cox , 'Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory'. Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 10, No. 2, 1981). and 'Gramsci, Hegemony and International Relations: An Essay in Method', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 12, No. 2, 1983).
8.
See Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 236.
9.
Ibid, pp. 237-38.
10.
Ibid. p. 232.
11.
Ibid, p. 238.
12.
For example, see Richard Bernstein, The Restructuring of Social and Political Theory (Oxford: Basil Blackwell , 1976).
13.
Mark Hoffman.op. cit, p. 232.
14.
See P. Winch , The Idea of a Social Science and Its Relation to Philosophy (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1958); 'Understanding a Primitive Society', American Philosaphical Quarterly (Vol. 48, October 1964), pp. 307-24; and Ethics and Action (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1972).
15.
Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 240.
16.
For Michael Oakeshott's essay see 'Rationalism in Politics' in Rationalism in Politics and Other Essays (London : Methuen, 1962). The quotation is from p. 4. The claim that a 'strong' rationalism is expored in established international theoryin my 'Incommensurability, International Theory and The Fragmentation of Western Political Culture', op. cit.
17.
Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 244.
18.
Michael Oakeshott, op. cit, p. 5.
19.
'The Tower of Babel' in ibid, p. 79.
20.
See, for example, Michel Foucault, Power/Knowledge ( Brighton: Harvester, 1980).
21.
Richard Rorty, Philosophy and The Mirror of Nature (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1979 and Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1981); and The Consequences of Pragmatism (Minneapolis : University of Minnesota Press, 1982).
22.
Bernard Williams , 'The Truth in Relativism' in Moral Luck (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1981); and Ethics and the Limits of Philosophy (London: Fontana, 1985).
23.
Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 237.
24.
Both in 'Incommensurability', op. cit, and in 'Reason, Scepticism and Politics', PhD Thesis, University of Durham, 1987.
25.
See James Der Derian, On Diplomacy: A Genealogy of Estrangement (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1987).
26.
Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 237.
27.
See the preface to Martin Wight and Herbert Butterfield (eds.), Diplomatic Investigations (London: George Allen and Unwin, 1966).
28.
Mark Hoffman, op. cit, p. 244.
29.
For a fuller exposition of this interpretation of Kant, see N.J. Rengger, 'An Arrow in the Heart of the Present: Kant and International Theory ' in Howard Williams (ed.), Kant's Political Theory (forthcoming). See also, Chapter 4 of my ' Reason, Scepticism and Politics'.
30.
See M. Gibbons (ed), Interpreting Politics (Oxford: Basil Blackwell , 1987), p. 27.
31.
Ibid, p. 27.
32.
Thomas Nagel , The View From Nowhere (Oxford : Basil Blackwell, 1986).
33.
See 'The Hermeneutic Claim to Universality' in M. Gibbons (ed.), op. cit.
34.
R. Rorty, Philosophy and the Mirror of Nature. He has also, of course. elaborated this elsewhere. Sec, for example, 'The Historiography of Philosophy: Four Genres' in R. Rorty, Q. Skinner and J.S. Schneewind (eds.), Philosophy in History (Cambridge : Cambridge University Prcss, 1984 ).
35.
Nor should they be thrown with great force, as some IR scholars would wish, following the advice of the illustrious Mrs Parker.
36.
See my 'Reason, Scepticism and Politics', Chapter 4, and W.B. Gallic, Philosophers of Peace and War (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978), Chapter 1.
37.
See R. Rorty, 'Solidarity or Objectivity' in J. Rajchman and C. West (eds.), Post-Analytic Philosophy (New York: Columbia University Press, 1985), p. 12.
38.
L. Wittgenstein, Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus (London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1961), Proposition 6.43, p. 72.
39.
Isaiah Berlin, 'The Originality of Machiavelli' in H. Hardy (ed.), Against the Current: Essays in the History of Ideas (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1981), p. 79.
