Reflections on Military-Industrial Rivalry in the Global Political Economy

G. Sen , 'The Economics of US Defence: The Military-Industrial Complex and Neo-Marxist Economic Theories Reconsidered', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 15, No. 2, Summer 1986), pp. 179-95.

R. Luckham , 'Militarism and International Economic Dependence', in M. Graham , et al., Disarmament and World Developments , 2nd. ed. (London: Pergamon Press, 1986), pp. 43-65. M. Kaldor and A. Eide , The World Military Order: The Impact of Military Technology on the Third World ( London: MacMillan, 1979).

G. Sen , The Military Origins of Industrialisation and International Trade Rivalry (London: Francis Pinter , 1984).

T. Skocpol , States and Revolution (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1979). M. Olson , The Rise and Decline of Nations: Economic Growth, Stagflation and Social Rigidities ( New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1962).

R.W. Cox , 'Social Forces, States and World Orders: Beyond International Relations Theory', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 12, No. 2. Summer 1981), pp. 116-55. R.W. Cox , 'Production and Hegemony', in H. Jacobson and R. J. Sidjanski (eds.), The Emerging International Economic Order: Dynamic Processes, Constraints and Opportunities (Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1982).

See M. Schmiegelow , 'Cutting Across Doctrines: Positive Adjustment in Japan', International Organization (Vol. 39, No. 2, Spring 1985 ), pp. 261-96.

See T. Skocpol , op. cit

A. Gerschenkron , Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective ( Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1962 ).

See S. Deger and S. Sen , 'Military Expenditure Spin-Off and Economic Development', Journal of Development Economics (Vol. 13, August-October 1983), pp. 67-83. Also see B. Biswas and R. Ram , 'Military Expenditures and Economic Growth in Less Developed Countries: An Augmented Model and Further Evidence', Economic Development and Cultural Change (Vol. 34, No. 2, January 1986).

As Sen suggests in 'The Economics of US Defence', op. cit.

See K. Mofid , Iran: Oil Revenues, Development Planning and Industrialisation- From Monarchy to Islamic Republic ( Wisbech, Cambridgeshire: MENAS Press, forthcoming in 1987).

M.T. Klare , 'Evading the Embargo: Illicit U.S. Arms Transfers to South Africa', Journal of International Affairs (Vol. 35, No. 1, Spring-Summer 1981), pp. 15-28.

J. Oberg , 'The New International Military Order: A Threat to Human Security', in A. Eide and M. Thee, Problems of Contemporary Militarism (London: Croom Helm, 1980), pp. 47-74.

S.G. Neuman , 'International Stratification and Third World Military Industries', International Organization (Vol. 38, No. 1, Winter 1984), pp. 167-97.

C. Gluckham , 'New Directions for Soviet Foreign Policy', Radio Liberty Research Bulletin, Supplement, February 1986.

M. Thee , 'Militarisation in the US and the Soviet Union', Alternatives (Vol. 10, No. 1, 1984), p. 95.

US figures are taken from R.W. de Grasse, Jr. , Military Expansion, Economic Decline (New York: M. E. Sharpe/ Council on Economic Priorities, 1983), p. 20, and International Institute for Strategic Studies (IISS ), The Military Balance, 1984-5 (London : IISS, 1984), pp. 4, 15-16.

IISS, op. cit.