See Robert S. McNamara, 'Reducing the Risks of Nuclear War; Is Star Wars the Answer?', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 15, No. 2, 1986), pp. 133-41.
2.
Also the Soviet Union. See for example, Stephen Shenfield, 'Nuclear Winter and the USSR', Millennium: Journal of International Studies (Vol. 15, No. 2, 1986), pp. 197-210.
3.
See Robert S. McNamara and Hans A. Bethe, 'Reducing the Risks of Nuclear War', The Atlantic Monthly (July, 1985), pp. 43-51.