Argentinian Claims to the Malvinas under International Law

Jose Maria Ruda , Instrumentos internacionales (Buenos Aires: Tipográfica Editora Argentine, 1976), p. 721.

ICJ Reports, 1975, p. 33, paragraph 59 in Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga , El Derecho Internacional Contemporáneo (Madrid: Editorial Tecnos, 1980), p. 130.

Ibid, p. 131. The second type of exception, the special circumstances which make a consultation unnecessary, were presented in the cases of Goa and Ifni.

Islas Malvinas , Informe sobre el censo dc 1980, translated by the Ministry for External Affairs and Culture., 27 October 1981. The remainder of the population is composed of: 24 Americans; 30 Argentinians; 27 Chileans; 1 Colombian; 1 Dane; 3 French; 1 German; 2 Urugyans and 1 Yugoslavian.

Jose Luis Munoz Azpiri , Historia Completa de las Malvinas (Buenos Aires: Editorial Oriente, 1966), Vol. II, p. 63. Numeration added.

Ibid., p. 142. It should be noted that there is an error in that Spain did not buy the islands from France; only the facilities and equipment that the coloniser Bougainville had left at Puerto Luis, according to the man himself ( Luis Antonio de Bougainville , Viaje Alrededor del Mundo, translated by Josefina Gallego de Dantin, Madrid: Editorial Calpe, 1921, Vol. II, p. 59).

Ibid, p. 359.

La Nación (Buenos Aires) 10 June 1980.

Academia Nacional de la Historia , Los derechos argentinos sobre las islas Malvinas, Buenos Aires, 11 August 1964. This dictum can also be found in Jose Luis Munoz , op. cit, Vol. I, p. 298.

Juan Carlos Beltramino , La cuestión Malvinas, Buenos Aires, 1969.

Lucio M. Moreno Quintana , Tratado de Derecho internacional (Buenos Aires: Editorial Sudamerica, 1963), Vol. II, p. 148.

Raul S. Martinez Moreno , La cuestion Malvinas, Faculty of Law and Social Sciences, National University of Tucuman, San Miguel de Tucuman, 1965, p. 51. The numeration has been added.

Bonifacio del Carril , "Las Islas Malvinas ante el derecho ", La Nación (Buenos Aires), 2 August 1964.

Paul Goussac , Las Islas Malvinas, translated by Augosto Cortina, Buenos Airea, 1936, p. 158.

We must add that another exponent of this position is Luis A. Podesta Costa , Derecho Internacional Público (Buenos Aires: Tipográfica Editora Argentina, 1960), 4th edition, Vol. I, p. 222.

Lucion M. Moreno Quintana , Tratado de Derecho internactional, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 148.

Intrductions from the Secretary of State, William L. Marcy to George M. Dallas, Minister in Great Britain, 2 July 1856, number 23, Intructions, Great Britain 17, 1-26. They appeared in "Diplomatic Correspondence of the United States: Inter American Affairs 1831-1860" of William R. Manning (Washington), a volume about Great Britain in Gordon Ireland, Conflictos de limites y de posesiones en Sudamérica , Biblioteca del Oficial, Circuio Militar, Buenos Aires, 1942, Vol. 284, p. 545.

Juan Carlos Bcltrmino , La cuesti6n Malvinas, op. cit., p. 10.

Academia Nacional de la Histoire , Los derechos argentinos sobre las islas Malvinas, op. cit. , p. 81.

Paul de Lapradelle , La frontière: étude de droit internacional (Paris, Les Editions Internationales, 1928), p. 78 quoted by Raul Rey Balmaceda , Limites y fronteras de la Argentina (Buenos Aires: OIKOS, 1979), p. 251.

Juan Carlos Puig , La Antártida Argentina ante el derecho (Buenos Aires: Depalma Editor, 1960), p. 123.

Juan.Carlos Beltramino , op. cit, p. 10.

John Bassett Moore , A Digest of International Law (Washington, D.C.: 1906, Vol. 1, p. 264) quoted by José Carlos Vitone , La soberanía argentina en el continente antártico (Buenos Aires: Editorial El Atenco, 1944), p. 83.

It is necessary to establish here the difference between the theory of continuity and of contiguity: 1) the theory of continuity extends the zone of influence of an origraphical or hydrographical unit. This system, by its own nature, allows that no one can demand immediate occuption. The correct denomination for our purposes and to avoid confusion would be the theory of geographical continuity and 2) the theory of vicinity or proximity, also known as the doctrine of contiguity which claims that the effective occuption of a territory by a state also gives it 'ipso jure' sovereignty over all the 'nullis' lands which were close or next to that territory. That is to say, that the jurisdiction of the state automatically extends not only to continuous territories or borders but also to those nearby, providing that between these lands and those occupied no other power has taken possession of the land. The expression 'contiguity' is not accepted by Fauchille as he says there is no contact, only a stretch of sea which separates the territorial jurisdiction of the State from the dominion to which it lays claim. ( Paul Fauchille , Traite de Droit International Public (Paris, 1925) p. 722, quoted by Jose Carlos Vitone , La soberania argentina en el continente antártico, op. cit., p. 87).

Luis Antonio de Bouganville , Viaje Alrededor del Mundo, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 59.

Ibid, Vol. I, p. 21.

José Luis Munoz Azpiri , Historica Complesta de las Malvinas, op. cit., Vol. II, p. 64.

Ibid, p. 218.

Michael Beguery , La explotacion de los oceanos, translated by Enrique Gonzalez (Buenos Aires: Editorial El Ateneo, 1978), p. 161.

José Luis Munoz Azpiri , op. cit, Vol. I, p. 343.

It was subscribed to by 46 of the 68 nations which attended and came into force on 10 June 1964. It was not ratified by Argentina ( Raul Rey Baimaceda , Limites y fronteras de Argentina, op. cit., p. 272.

Jose Maria Ruda , Instrumentos internacionales, op. cit., p. 90.

Eduardo Jimenez de Arechaga , El Derecho Internacional Contemporaneo , op. cit.. p. 257.

Ibid.

Official Record of UNCLOS, Vol. 1, p. 69, quoted by Eduardo Jimenez de Aréchaga , op. cit, p. 258. Emphasis added.

Ercncsto Rey Caro , Estudios de Derecho Internacional (Córdoba, 1982), p. 16. The data about the shelf were taken from Francisco de Aparicio, La Argentina, Suma de Geografra (Buenos Aires, 1969), Vol. II, p. 399.

Falkland Islands in the Encyclopedia Britannica, William Benton Publisher, Donnelley and Sons Co., Vol. 9, p. 51.