The Hobbesian Tradition in Twentieth Century International Thought

Sheldon Wolin , Politics and Vision (London: Allen & Unwin, 1961), p.22.

See for example, Richard A. Falk , This Endangered Planet ( New York: Random House, 1971), passim.

See, for example, Miriam Camps , The Management of Interdependence (New York: SAGE Publications, 1974 ), passim.

Leviathan (London: Everyman edition), p.64.

The "action-reaction phenomenon" refers to that part of the theory of arms races which locates their momentum in the participants' decisions continually to arm against each others new or planned arms. I do not know who first used the expression, but it can be found in C.S. Gray , "The Arms Race Phenomenon", World Politics (Vol. XXIV, October 1971). "Third image analysis" has now become so familiar as to almost need no reference due to Kenneth Waltz's Man, the State and War (New York: Columbia, 1959).

K.C. Brown (ed.), Hobbes Studies (Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1965), p.ix.

Ibid.

David P. Gauthier , The Logic of Leviathan (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1969), p.207.

Kenneth Waltz , op. cit, p.160.

Martin Wight , Power Politics, H. Bull and C. Holbraad (eds.) (Leicester: Leicester University Press, 1978), p.102.

Herbert Butterfield , International Conflict in the Twentieth Century: A Christian View (London: Routledge and Keegan Paul, 1960), p.85.

Ibid., p.84.

R.G. Collingwood , The New Leviathan (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1942), p.228.

See H. Bull , "Martin Wight and the Theory of International Relations", British Journal of International Studies (Vol. 2, No. 2, July 1976), p.102. What follows makes use of Wight's distinction between Realists, Rationalists and Revolutionists.

E.H. Carr , The Twenty Years' Crisis (London: Macmillan, 1962) 2nd edition, see especially Chap. 5.

M. Wight , Power Politics (London: RIIA, 1946) and "Western Values in International Relations" in H. Butterfield and M. Wight (eds.) Diplomatic Investigations ( London: Allen & Unwin, 1966), pp.89- 131.

H. Morgenthau , Politics Among Nations ( New York: Alfred Knopf, 1963) 3rd edition, see Chap 14.

R. Aron , Peace and War (London: Weidenfeld , 1966), see Chap. 18.

M. Kaplan, System and Process in International Politics ( London: J.E. Wiley & Sons, 1957 ), pp. 14 and 89.

H. Bull , The Anarchical Society (London: Macmillan, 1976), passim.

In addition to E.H. Carr , M. Wight and H. Bull , see C.A.W. Manning , The Nature of International Society (London: Bell, 1960), and A.M. James (ed.), The Bases of International Order (Oxford: OUP, 1973).

The final section of this article examines how true this is in the nuclear age.

For this argument and its complications, see H. Bull , "Society and Anarchy in International Relations", in H. Butterfietd and M. Wight , op. cit, pp. 46-47.

Stanley Hoffmann Hoffmann's idea of "reciprocity of interests" emerges from this. See his book The State of War (New York : Praeger, 1965), p.61.

Ibid

See for example, H. Morgenthau , op. cit, p.501.

See H. Bull , "Hobbes and the International Anarchy", Hobbes Tricentenary Lecture, delivered at Oxford, 1979, p.5.

See Christopher Brewin , "Hobbes and War", unpublished paper.

See Murray Forsyth , "Thomas Hobbes and the External Relations of States", British Journal of International Studies (Vol. 5, No. 3, October 1979), p.205.

Ibid., pp. 196-209, from which the following argument is taken.

R. Keohane and J. Nye , Power and Interdependence: World Politics in Transition ( Boston: Little, Brown, 1977).

Peter J. Katzenstein , "International Relations and Domestic Structures: Foreign Economic Policy of Advanced Industrial States". International Organization (Vol, 30, No. 1, Winter 1979), p.9.

K.J. Holsti , "A New International Politics? Diplomacy in Complex Interdependence", International Organization (Vol. 32, No. 2, Spring 1978).

Leviathan , op. cit, p.88.

Michael Taylor , Anarchy and Co-operation (London: John E. Wiley & Sons, 1976), p.141. Emphasis in the original.

Ibid., p. 142.

Ibid., pp. 134-135.

See, for example, D. Gauthier , op. cit

Garret Hardin , "The Tragedy of the Commons", Science (Vol, 162, No. 3859) December 13, 1968.

M. Taylor , op. cit, p. 3.

M. Wight , Power Politics, H. Bull and C. Holbraad (eds.) op. cit, p. 142.

See, for example, Derek Freeman , "Human Nature and Culture", in Man and the New Biology (Canberra: ANU Press, 1970).