Standardisation: the Dimensions and Implications of a Policy Issue

See for example the statement of Senator Nunn of Georgia published by the International Communications Agency, June 12, 1978. For increases in Soviet strength, and its political implications, see " Western Europe in 1977: Security, Economic and Political Issues " Hearings before the Subc, on Europe and the Middle East of the House Committee on International Relations (HCIR), 95 Cong., 1st Session (95-1), June-October 1977, partic. pp. 1-25.

Sloan and Bell define it simply as " the adoption of common equipment, doctrine, and procedures among various members of the alliance." See " NATO Standardisation: Political, Economic and Military Issues in Congress ": Report to the House International Relations Committee (HIRC) by the Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, March 29, 1977, p. 5. Senator Bartlett calls standardisation " the effort to adopt common doctrine, procedures and equipment within NATO whenever major economic, military, or political benefits can be gained " in " Standardising Military Excellence: the Key to NATO's Survival," AEI Defense Review (No. 6, 1977), p. 3.

Harland Cleveland (former U.S. ambassador to NATO) " Assessing NATO " published by the International Communications Agency (ICA), May 26, 1978.

See, for example, Ernst B. Haas , Beyond the Nation State: Functionalism and International Organisation (Stanford, Cal.: Stanford Univ. Press, 1964), p. 102.

T.A. Callaghan , U.S./European Economic Co-operation in Military and Civil Technology (Washington DC: Center for Strategic and International Studies, Georgetown Univ., Revised ed., September, 1975), p. 21.

" NATO Standardisation: Political, Economic and Military Issues for Congress," op. cit., p. 33.

Report of the Committee of Inquiry into the Aircraft Industry (Plowden Report) (December 1965, HMSO, London, Cmnd. 2853), pp. 8-9.

New York Times, February 24, 1978.

" Budgetary Cost Savings to the Department of Defense resulting from Foreign Military Sales," Staff Working Paper, May 24, 1976, Congressional Budget Office.

Ibid. p. 10.

Callaghan , op. cit., p. 26.

See Aviation Week and Space Technology (July 5, 1976, and May 2, 1977).

Some European-made parts are being made in Europe by the European F16 consortia for American F16s. However, General Dynamics is forced by the U.S. Government to maintain, itself, a capacity to produce these parts should the European suppliers fail to deliver.

Callaghan , op. cit., p. 27.

See Canby's testimony in " Western Europe in 1977: Security, Economic and Political Issues," op. cit., p. 23. Canby cites the findings of G. Ashcroft in " Military Logistics Systems in NATO: The Goal of Integration. Part I Economic Aspects," Adelphi Paper (No. 62, IISS London, November 1969).

James H. Polk , "Military Standardisation; how far should we go?" in AEI Defense Review (No. 6, 1977), p. 19.

Ibid. p. 18.

See Gardiner L. Tucker , " Standardisation and the Joint Defense ," NATO Review (No. 1, January 1975), p. 11.

James H. Polk , op. cit., p. 17.

Bartlett , op. cit., p. 8. 21.

Some persuasive arguments on this point can be found in Robert Komer , " Needed; Preparation for Coalition War " (The Rand Paper Series, Santa Monica , August 1976).

Many other examples could be cited. Britain had its F4s fitted with Rolls-Royce engines. The U.S. has, as has been noted, considerably modified its Roland missile system.

See D.C.R. Heyhoe, " The Alliance and Europe, Part VI, the European Programme Group," Adelphi Paper (No. 129, IISS, London, Winter, 1976-7).

" NATO Standardisation: Political, Military and Economic Issues for Congress," op. cit., p. 11.

Such a treaty is favoured by Tom Callaghan: see his testimony to the Legislation and National Security Sub-Committee of the Government Operations Committee, House of Representatives, on July 21, 1977.