Drift and Intrigue: United States Relations with the Viet-Minh,1945

U.S. and Vietnam: 1944-47, prepared for the Foreign Relations Committee of the U.S. Senate, 92nd Congress, 2nd session (Washington, 1972), p. 53.

Robert Shaplen , The Lost Revolution (New York, 1965), pp. 33-34. Paul Helliwell , Chief of OSS in China in 1944, claims that Ho got only six pistols and 20,000 rounds of ammunition from him. But Helliwell has tended to minimise early OSS involvement with the Viet-Minh. (He is now Thai consul in Miami, U.S.A.)

Testitmony of Mr. Abbot L. Moffat , Causes, Origins, and Lessons of the Vietnam War Hearings before the Committee on Foreign Relations of the U.S. Senate, 92nd Congress, 2nd session (Washington, 1973), pp. 161-162.

Ibid. p. 163.

Memo of Paul Carnway (Deputy Chief, JPC to Assistant Chief G-5), April 11, 1945, published in Edward R. Drachman, U.S. Policy Toward Vietnam, 1940-45 (Cranbury, N.J., 1970), p. 85.

Memo for the President from the Division of European Affairs , April 20, 1945, U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Study prepared by the U.S. Department of Defense (Washington, 1971), Vol. VIII., pp. 6-8.

Contained in the Declaration of the Provisional French Government Concerning Indo-China, March 24, 1945. It promised the five nations of Indo-China a federal government within the French Union. This government was to be elected by both Indochinese and resident French elements, and was to have responsibility for the regulation of budgetary, commercial and taxation matters.

Memo for the President, Ibid. p. 15.

Memo on Indo-China by Ass't. Secretary of State Dunn, Ibid. p. 18.

Ibid. p. 20.

Shaplen , op. cit, p. 41.

Deer Mission Report No. 1 , Causes, Origins, and Lessons of the Vietnam War, pp. 245-246.

Hurley to Secretary of State , August 17, 1945 , Foreign Relations (Washington, 1969), 1945, Vol. VII, p. 503.

Report on Deer Mission , op. cit, p. 261.

Philippe Devillers , Histoire du Vietnam de 1940 à 1952 (Paris, 1952), p. 151.

Memo of Donovan (OSS) to Secretary of State , August 22, 1945, Foreign Relations 1945, Vol. VII, p. 47.

As Dr. Michael Leifer has pointed out to me, there was considerable logic in this in relation to securing a great patron who could exclude both the Chinese and the French. Patti's role encouraged this propensity.

Jean Sainteny , Histoire d'une Paix Manquée (Paris, 1953), p. 124.

Drachman , op. cit, p. 135.

Ibid. p. 134.

Devillers , op. cit, pp. 202-203.

Ibid.

Quoted in Drachman , op. cit, p. 151.

Testimony of Frank White, Causes, Origins, and Lessons of the Vietnam War, p. 150.

Caffrey to Secretary of State , October 12, 1945, U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Vol. VIlla, p. 49.

Ho Chi Minh to the President , October 17, 1945, Ibid Vol. I, pp. C-73-74,

Harold R. Isaacs , No Peace For Asia (Cambridge, Mass., 1967), p. 174.

Drachman , op. cit, pp. 128-129.

Testimony of Noam Chomsky , Causes, Origins, and Lessons of the Vietnam War, pp. 130-32; Gabriel Kolko , The Politics of War (New York, 1968), p. 610; Devillers , op. cit., pp. 202-203.

White testimony , op. cit, p. 159.

Memo of conversation by Richard Sharp (SEA), U.S,-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Vol. I, p. C-41.

See Ibid p. A-50 & p. B-65.

U.S. and Vietnam, 1944-47, p. 17.

U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Vol. I, p. B-43.

Ho Chi Minh to the President of the U.S.,, February 15, 1946, U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Vol. I, p. C-96.

Landon to Moffat and Culbertson, received February 27, 1946, U.S.-Vietnam Relations, 1945-67, Vol. I, p. C-96.

Caffrey to Secretary of State , February 5, 1946, Foreign Relatians; 1946, Vol. VIII, p. 23.

Ellen Hammer , The Struggle for Indo-China, 1940-1955 (Stanford, Calif. 1966), p. 297.

Isaacs , op. cit, p. 173.

Hammer , op. cit, p. 298.