A state which is party to one or both of the Hague Conventions of 1899 and 1907 for the Pacific Settlement of International Disputes may name up to four members of the Permanent Court of Arbitration and each state's appointments are collectively referred to as its National Group. The expression " national group " does not actually appear in the Hague Conventions although it is used throughout the Statutes of both the Permanent Court of International Justice and the International Court of Justice. See Manley O. Hudson, The Permanent Court of International Justice (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1934), p. 131.
2.
See R.R. Baxter , " The Procedures Employed in Connection with the United States Nominations for the International Court in 1960," 55American Journal of International Law (1961), p. 445. Professor Baxter's report is one of the few published accounts of the contemporary practice of any National Group.
3.
In the present United Kingdom Group, three members list addresses in London and one in Oxford. Of the four present members of the United States National Group, on the other hand, one lives in Massachusetts, one in Washington, D.C., another in California, and the fourth in New York.
4.
I have dealt with this theme in greater detail in a chapter entitled, " Force and International Law," in F. S. Northedge (ed.), The Use of Force in International Relations (London: Faber & Faber, 1974).
5.
C.A.W. Manning, The Nature of International Society (London: G, Bell and Sons Ltd. for the London School of Economics, 1962), p. 196.
