Poor Pitch Singing: A Review of the Literature

Anderson, T. (1937). Variations in the Normal Range of Children's Voices, Varia- tions in Range of Tone Audition, Variations in Pitch Discrimination. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Edinburgh.

Bentley, A. (1954). Children who sing out of tune. Music in Education. London: Novello. Mar./Apr. 1954, pp. 13-14.

Bentley, A. (1957). Children who sing out of tune. Music in Education. London: Novello. July/Aug. 1957, pp. 82-83; Sept./Oct. 1957, pp. 116-116.

Bentley, A. (1966a). Musical Ability in Children and its Measurement. London: Harrap.

Bentley, A. (1966b). Measures of Musical Abilities. London: Harrap.

Bentley, A. (1968). Monotones. Music Education Research Papers No. 1. London: Novello.

Cleall, C. (1967). The Natural Pitch of the Human Voice and its Relation to Musical Perception. M.A. thesis, Univ. of Bangor and Aberystwyth.

Cleall, C. (1970). Voice Production in Choral Technique. London: Novello.

Cobes, C. J. (1972). The conditioning of a pitch response using uncertain singers. Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1972, 30, 28-29.

Drake, R. M. (1931). Tests of Musical Talent. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of London.

Elliott, C. A. (1974). Effect of vocalisation on the sense of pitch of beginning band class students. J.R.M.E., 22, 2, 120-128.

Fieldhouse, A. E. (1937). A Study of Backwardness in Singing Among School Children. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of London.

Gaiser, P. E. (1961). A Study of Tone-Matching Techniques as Remedial Instruction for Non-Singers. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Oregon.

Gould, A. Oren (1969). Developing specialised programs for singing in the elementary school. Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1969, 17, 9-22.

Greer, R. D. , Dorow, L. and Hanser, S. (1973). Music discrimination training and the music selection behaviour of nursery- and primary-level children. Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1973, 35, 30-43.

Greer, R. D. , Randall, A. and Timberlake, C. (1971). The discriminate use of music listening as a contingency for improvement in vocal pitch acuity and attending behavior. Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1971, 26, 10-18.

Jones, M. (1971). A pilot study in the use of a vertically arranged keyboard instrument with the uncertain singer. J.R.M.E., 19, 2, 183-194.

Jones, M. (1974). A Study in the Use of a Vertically Arranged Keyboard Instrument with the Uncertain Singer. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Florida. Reviewed in Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1977, 53, 96-99.

Joyner, D. R. (1969). The monotone problem. J.R.M.E., 17, 1, 115-124.

Joyner, D. R. (1971). Pitch Discrimination and Tonal Memory and Their Associa- tion with Singing and the Larynx. M.Phil. thesis, Univ. of Reading.

Kirkpatrick, W. C. (1962). The relationship between the singing ability of pre- kindergarten children and their home environments. Dis. Abs., 23, 3, 886-886.

Klemish, J. (1974). Treating the uncertain singer through the use of the tape- recorder. Bul. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1974, 37, 36-45.

Leont'ev, A. N. (1969). On the biological and social aspects of human develop- ment: The training of auditory ability. In Cole, M. et al. (Eds.) A Handbook of Contemporary Soviet Psychology. New York: Basic Books.

Madsen, C. K. , Wolfe, D. E. and Madsen, C. H. (1969). The effect of reinforce- ment and directional scalar methodology on intonational iInprovement. Bal. Cnl. Res. Mus. Ed., 1969, 18, 22-33.

Mainwaring, J. (1931). Tests of musical ability. Brit. J. Educ. Psychol., 1, 313-321.

Mursell, J. L. (1937). The Psychology of Music. New York: Norton & Co. Inc.

Plumridge, J. M. (1972). The Range and Pitch Levels of Children's Voices in Relation to Published Material for Children's Voices. Diploma Diss., Univ. of Reading.

Pollock, T. (1950). Singing Disability in School Children. M.Ed. thesis, Univ. of Durham.

Radocy, R. E. (1975). A naive minority of one and deliberate majority mis- matches of tonal stimuli. J.R.M.E., 23, 120-133.

Roberts, E. (1972). Poor Pitch Singing. A Survey of its Incidence in School Children and its Response to Remedial Training. M.E. thesis, Univ. of Liverpool.

Roberts, E. and Davies, A. (1975a). Poor pitch singing: A survey of its incidence in school children. Psy. Mus., 3, 2, 24-36.

Roberts, E. and Davies, A. (1975b). Poor pitch singing: Response of monotone singers to a program of remedial training. J.R.M.E., 23, 227-237.

Roberts, E. and Davies, A. (1976). A method of extending the vocal range of "monotone" schoolchildren. Psy. Mus., 4, 1, 29-43.

Roberts, E. (1977). Tone-Deafness in Children: Studies of Remedial Treatment. Ph.D. thesis, Univ. of Liverpool.

Robinson, D. (1963). The withdrawn child and monotonism. Bill. Nat. Ass. Music Therapy, XU, 3, 6-16, Sept. 1963.

Romaine, W. B. (1961). Developing Singers from Non-Singers. An Investigation of a Speech-Control Remedial Procedure. D.Ed. thesis, Univ. of Columbia.

Seashore, C. E. (1919). The Psychology of Musical Talent. New York: Silver Burdett.

Sergeant, D. C. and Thatcher, G. (1974). Intelligence, social status and musical abilities. Psy. Mus., 2, 2, 33-57.

Warren, Joseph (1965). A summation of the research pertaining to vocal growth. J.R.M.E., 13, 2, 93-93.

Warren, Joseph (1966). Vocal growth in the human adolescent and the total growth process. J.R.M.E., 14, 2, 135-141.

Wing, H. D. (1947). Standardised Tests of Musical Intelligence. Sheffield: City Training College.

Wing, H. D. (1956). The measurement of musical aptitude. Occup. Psy., 31, 33-37, 1957.

Wolner, M. and Pyle, W. H. (1933). An experiment in individual training of pitch-deficient children. J. Educ. Psych., 24, 602-608.

Yank Porter, S. (1977). The effect of multiple discrimination training on pitch-matching behaviour of uncertain singers. J.R.M.E., 25, 1, 68-81.