Ecological Security and the Need to Reconceptualize Sovereignty

SDI refers to the Strategic Defense Initiative, the U.S. space weapons program popularly referred to as “Star Wars.”.

Mische Patricia M. , Star Wars and the State of Our Souls. (Harper & Row/Winston), 1985.

Berry Thomas , “Bioregions: The Context for Reinhabiting the Earth,” Breakthrough (a publication of Global Education Associates, New York City) 6, no. 3/4 (Spring/Summer, 1985), p. 7.

Brown Noel , director of the New York liaison office of UNEP, in an interview by Patricia M. Mische, (December 20, 1988).

Encyclopedia Britannica 15th edition (1982) 17: p. 309.

Ibid.

Kassas M. , “The Three Systems and Mankind,” IPRA Newsletter (a publication of the International Peace Research Association, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) XXVII, No. 1 (January, 1989), pp. 18–25.

Ibid.

Webster's New Collegiate Dictionary, (G. & C. Merriam Co., 1977).

See de Chardin Pierre Teilhard , The Phenomenon of Man, (Harper and Row, 1959); for Vernadsky's view see Nikita Moisseyev, Man, Nature and the Future of Civilization. (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1987).

Gro Harlem Brundtland and the World Commission on Environment and Development. Statement to the 42nd session of the General Assembly of the United Nations, (October 19, 1987).

Ibid.

See for example, Diven Polly , “Our Newest Hazardous Export,” Christian Science Monitor; “The Global Poison Trade,” Newsweek (November 7, 1988); Daniella Pletka, “Developing Nations as Dump Sites,” Insight (August 15, 1988); and Third World Network, “Report on Toxic Waste Dumping in Third World Countries,” Penang, Malaysia, (August, 1988).

Bertell Rosalie , “Early War Victims of World War III,” (Testimony at 1983 Nurnberg Tribunal), Breakthrough Vol. 5, No. 1 (Fall, 1983); and “The Health of the Oceans,” Breakthrough Vol. 5, No. 4, (Summer, 1984).

Bertell Rosalie , Ibid (1984); and “An Appeal for the Marshall Islands,” Breakthrough. Vol. 7, No. 3, (Spring, 1986); also Billiet Edmond, “Hibakusha: A Survivor Speaks,” Breakthrough 7, No. 3 (Spring, 1986). pp. 29–30.

Bertell Rosalie , “Health of the Oceans,” (1984). (See Note #16.).

Ibid.

See for example Brooke James , “African Nations Barring Foreign Toxic Waste.” New York Times (Sept. 23, 1988); also Sahabat Alam Malaysia (SAM). Papan Radioactive Waste Dump Controversy (Malaysia, 1984); and Third World Network, “Report on Toxic Waste Dumping in Third World Countries,” Penang, Malaysia, (August, 1988).

“International Institute of Concern for Public Health,” Breakthrough (Summer/Fall, 1988), pp. 82–83.

Bertell Rosalie , No Immediate Danger: Prognosis for a Radioactive Earth, (The Book Publishing Co., 1985).

Mische Patricia M. , “Attempt Made to Silence Rosalie Bertell,” based on an interview with Bertell, in Associates Newsletter, a publication of Global Education Associates (January-February, 1980), pp. 4–5.

Bertell Rosalie Wagle S. S. . Correspondence dated January 27, 1988 (Wagle), April 6, 1988 (Bertell), and May 23, 1988 (Wagle) regarding the dumping of radioactive dairy products from Europe in India following the Chernobyl nuclear accident.

Reves Emery , The Anatomy of Peace (Harper and Row, 1944).

For example, Carson Rachel , Silent Spring (Fawcett, 1962); Meadows Donella , The Limits to Growth: Report to the Club of Rome, (Potomac Associates, 1972); Barney Gerald , editor, The Global 2000 Report to the President, (Seven Locks Press, 1980); and Brown Lester . State of the World. (Washington DC: Worldwatch Institute), an annual report, to name only a few.

See for example, Shabecoff Philip , “Arctic Expedition Finds Chemical Threat to Ozone,” New York Times (February 18, 1989); and also Cynthia Pollock Shea, Protecting Life on Earth: Steps to Save the Ozone Layer. Monograph. (Worldwatch Institute, Washington DC, 1988).

Whitney Craig , “12 European Nations to Ban Chemicals that Harm Ozone,” New York Times (March 8, 1989).

As reported by Greenhouse Steven , “U.N. Conference Supports Curbs on Exporting of Hazardous Waste,” New York Times (March 23, 1989).

Broad William J. , “Space Pollution Forces NASA to Change Plans for Key Projects,” New York Times (December 27, 1988); also Eugene C. Hargrove, editor, Beyond Spaceship Earth: Environmental Ethics and the Solar System, (Sierra Club Books, 1986).

Kurtz Howard , “A Space Policy for Humanity,” Breakthrough (Fall, 1984); John McLucas, a circular on space monitoring for environmental protection, (undated).

See Mische Patricia M. , “Star Peace: Reflections on the Soviet Proposal to the United Nations for Space Cooperation as an Alternative to Star Wars,” Breakthrough (Fall/Winter, 1985/1986).

See Hudson Richard , “Outline for a Charter for a World Space Organization,” and Colleen Sullivan, “A Draft Plan for the Management of Outer Space: A World Space Organization,” both papers presented at a conference on the Establishment of a World Space Organization attended by representatives of the United Nations and nongovernmental organizations (Mohonk House, May, 1988). See also, Global Education Associates “Statement to the United Nations Third Special Session on Disarmament,” The Nongovernmental Voice at the United Nations Third Special Session on Disarmament, May 31 to June 25, 1988. (New York: United Nations Department for Disarmament Affairs), pp. 31–33.

Voute Caesar , “Space for Whom?” Breakthrough (Fall/Winter, 1986).

Kurtz Howard McLucas John Sullivan Colleen , see note #40.

G. A. A/43/905 (Nov. 30, 1988); and A/43/PV.70 (Dec. 8, 1988).

Hall Barbara Welling , “Soviet Perceptions of Global Ecological Interdependence: Some Implications of ‘New Political Thinking'.” Publication in process.

Cleveland Harlan Bloomfield Lincoln P. , Re-thinking International Cooperation, (Harold E. Stassen Center for World Peace, at the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 1988). Monograph.

Ibid, p. 5.

Manley Robert , “Forty-eight Global Level Issue Areas: A Survey of Policy Development, 1945–1977,” The Whole Earth Papers, no. 12 (1979). Global Education Associates.

Tucker Robert C. , Politics as Leadership, (University of Missouri Press, 1981).

Formally titled the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment, and popularly referred to as “The Stockholm Declaration,” (1972).

World Conservation Strategy, prepared under the auspices of the International Union for the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), with the advice and financial assistance of the World Wildlife Fund and the United Nations Environment Programme, (1980).

“Nairobi Declaration,” (United Nations Environment Programme, 1982).

“World Charter for Nature,” prepared by the United Nations Environment Programme and adopted in the U.N. General Assembly (1982).

Boulding Elise . Building a Global Civic Culture: Education for an Interdependent World. Teacher's College Press, Columbia University, 1988.

The exploratory Project on the Conditions of Peace (ExPro), “Taking it to the People: The Evolution of a Citizen's Peace Treaty,” Breakthrough (Spring, 1988), pp. 76–77.

Environmental Sabbath. An educational packet prepared under the sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, New York Liaison Office (1988, and 1989).

Boulding Elise , “The Rise of INGOs: New Leadership for a Planet in Transition,” Breakthrough (Spring, 1988).

Ibid.

“Soviet/American Initiative Toward a Citizens’ Treaty on Ecological Security and Human Rights.” Statement of the working group on Ecological Security and Human Rights of the Soviet/American Forum on Life with Human Rights, adopted in Moscow, (December 9, 1988); See also the description of the project by Global Education Associates, circular, March, 1989.

First drafted by the Costeau Society's Council of Advisors in 1977, and published in Calypso Log (February, 1989), p. 8.

Berry Thomas , “The Ecological Age,” The Whole Earth Papers, No. 12, 1979.

Pierre Teilhard de Chardin (1959). (See note #10).

Mische Patricia M. , “The Inner Workings of Freedom: Choosing the Future of the Earth,” On Leadership, a special issue of Breakthrough 9, No. 1–3 (Spring, 1988).

Moisseyev Nikita , Man, Nature and the Future of Civilization (Moscow: Novosti Press Agency Publishing House, 1987), pp. 65–66.

Ibid., p. 66.

For an excellent, more detailed critique see Kenneth Boulding, Evolutionary Economics, (Sage Publications, 1981).

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Ibid.

Berry Thomas (1979), p. 10. (See note #76).