Naturally occurring deposition of calcium pyrophosphate has been identified in six rhesus monkeys following acute episodes of trauma and various septicemias. Scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analytical system and single crystal electron diffraction studies were used to identify the crystals within the articular cartilage. The osteoarthritis grading system was used to determine the degree of cartilage degenerative changes.
FaureG.NetterP.MalamanB.SteinmetzJ.:
Monocrystalline calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate in destructive arthropathies of chondrocalcinosis.Lancet2:
142,
1977
4.
FaureG.NetterP.MalamanB.SteinmetzJ.DuheilleJ.GaucherA.:
Scanning electron microscopic study of microcrystals implicated in human rheumatic diseases.Scan Electron Microsc3:
163–176,
1980
5.
GibsonJ. P.RoenigkW. J.:
Pseudogout in a dog.J Am Vet Med Assoc161:
912–915,
1972
KohnN. N.HughesR. E.McCartyD. J.:
The significance of calcium phosphate crystal in the synovial fluid of arthritic patients: The “pseudogout syndrome”. II. Identification of crystals.Ann Intern Med56:
738–745,
1962
8.
KozinF.McCartyD. J.:
Protein absorption to monosodium urate, calcium pyrophosphate, dihydrate, and silica crystals.Arthritis Rheum19:
433–438,
1976
McCartyD. J.HoganJ. M.GatterR. A.GrossmanM.:
Studies on pathological calcification in human cartilage. I. Prevalence and types of crystal deposits in the menisce of two hundred fifteen cadavers.J Bone Joint Surg [Am]48:
309–325,
1966
11.
McCartyD. J.KozinF.:
An overview of cellular and molecular mechanisms in crystal induced inflammation.Arthritis Rheum18:
757–764,
1975
12.
McCartyD. J.SilcoxD. C.CoeF.JacobelliS.ReissE.GenantA.EllmanM.:
Diseases associated with calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition, a controlled study.Am J Med56:
704–714,
1974
13.
MankinH. J.DorfmanH.LippielloL.ZarinsA.:
Biochemical and metabolic abnormalities in articular cartilage from osteo-arthritic human hips.J Bone Joint Surg [Am]53:
523–537,
1971
14.
MarkelS. F.HartW. R.:
Arthropathy in calcium pyrophosphate dihydrate crystal deposition disease. Pathologic study of 12 cases.Arch Pathol Lab Med106:
529–533,
1982
15.
PaulH.ReginatoA. J.SchumacherH. R.:
Alizarin red S staining as a screening test to detect calcium compounds in synovial fluid.Arthritis Rheum26:
191–200,
1983
16.
RussellR. G. G.:
Metabolism of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi).Arthritis Rheum19:
465–478,
1976
17.
SchumacherH. R.:
Ultrastructural finding in chrondrocalcinosis and pseudogout.Arthritis Rheum19:
413–425,
1976
18.
WoodardJ. C.ShieldsR. P.AldrichH. C.CarterR. L.:
Calcium phosphate deposition disease in great danes.Vet Pathol19:
464–485,
1982
