Epithelia from 18 Holstein-Fresian calves with experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever and two calves with naturally occurring disease had severe destructive inflammatory epithelial lesions. Calves were necropsied at early, mid and late clinical stages. Multifocal, degenerative and necrotic epithelial lesions were associated with lymphoid cells. Ultrastructurally, numerous lymphocytes, lymphoblasts and macrophages were accumulated between epithelial cells and in lamina propria, vessels and perivascular tissues. Epithelial cells in such lesions had variably severe degenerative changes or were necrotic but there was no proliferative response. Lesions were widespread in all calves and affected oral, ocular, gastrointestinal, ductal, urinary tract, choroid plexus and other epithelial tissues. Calves killed in late clinical stages had more severe lesions than those killed early. The predominantly lymphocytic, invasive-destructive pattern seen in tissues of cattle with malignant catarrhal fever was similar to that seen in such conditions as contact hypersensitivity and graft versus host disease. Viral structures were not seen.
References
1.
BerkmanR.N.BarnerR.D.MorrillC.C.:
Bovine malignant catarrhal fever in Michigan. II. Pathology.Am J Vet Res21:
1015–1026,
1960
2.
ChevilleN.F.:
Cell Pathology,
p. 454;
Iowa State University Press,
Ames,
1976
3.
CoulterG.StorzJ.:
Identification of a cell-associated morbillivirus from cattle affected with MCF: antigenic differentiation and cytologic characterization.Am J Vet Res40:
Dec.
1979
DvorakH.F.KosunenT.U.WaksmanB.H.:
The “transfer reaction“ in the rabbit. I. A histologic study.Lab Invest12:
58–68,
1963
6.
DvorakH.F.MihmM.C.DvorakA.M.:
Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man.J Invest Dermatol67:
391–401,
1976
7.
DvorakA.M.MihmM.C.DvorakH.F.:
Morphology of delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions in man. II. Ultrastructural alterations affecting the microvasculature and the tissue mast cells.Lab Invest34:
179–191,
1976
8.
FergusonA.ParrottD.M.V.:
Histopathology and time course of rejection of allograts of mouse small intestine.Transplantation15:
546–554,
1973
9.
FlaxM.H.CaulfieldJ.B.:
Cellular and vascular components of allergic contact dermatitis.Am J Pathol43:
1031–1052,
1963
10.
JubbK.V.F.KennedyP.C.:
Pathology of Domestic Animals,
pp. 27–34,
vol 2;
Academic Press,
New York,
1970
11.
KosunenT.U.WaksmanB.H.FlaxM.H.TihenW.S.:
Radioautographic study of cellular mechanisms in delayed hypersensitivity.Immunology6:
276–290,
1963
12.
LaneB.P.BahichtG.S.JasperG.S.:
Lymphocyte-epithelium interaction during rejection of nonisogeneic rat trachael grafts.Am J Pathol86:
71–76,
1977
13.
LehnerT.:
Pathology of recurrent oral ulceration and oral ulceration in Behcet's syndrome: light, electron and fluorescence microscopy.J Pathol97:
491–494,
1969
14.
LiggittH.D.DeMartiniJ.C.McChesneyA.E.PiersonR.E.StorzJ.:
Experimental transmission of malignant catarrhal fever in cattle.Am J Vet Res39:
1249–1257,
1978
15.
LiggittH.D.DeMartiniJ.C.:
The pathomorphology of malignant catarrhal fever. I. Generalized lymphoid vasculitis.Vet Pathol17:
59–73,
1980
16.
OhshimaK.MiuraS.NumakunaiS.SatoT.:
Pathological studies on bovine malignant catarrhal fever with special reference to intranuclear structures in parietal cell.Jpn J Vet Sci39:
293–309,
1977
17.
PearsonC.M.WaksmanB.H.SharpJ.T.:
Studies of arthritis and other lesions induced by injection of mycobacterial adjuvant.J Exp Med113:
485–510,
1961
18.
PiercyS.E.:
Studies in bovine malignant catarrh. I. Experimental infection of cattle.Br Vet J198:
35–47,
1952
19.
PlowrightW.:
Malignant catarrhal fever.J Am Vet Med Assoc152:
795–804,
1968
20.
PlowrightW.MacadamF.R.ArmstrongJ.A.:
Growth and characterization of the virus of bovine malignant catarrhal fever in east Africa.J Gen Microbiol39:
253–266,
1964
21.
RogersR.S.:
Recurrent aphthous stomatitis: clinical characteristics and evidence for an immunopathogenesis.J Invest Dermatol69:
449–509,
1977
22.
RowlandsD.T.BossenE.H.:
Immunological mechanisms of allograft rejection.Arch Intern Med123:
491–500,
1969
23.
RweyemamuM.M.MushiE.Z.RoweL.KarstadL.:
Persistent infection of cattle with the herpesvirus of malignant catarrhal fever and observations on the pathogenesis of the disease.Br Vet J132:
393–400,
1976
24.
SaitoT.HonnaT.SatoT.FujiokaY.:
Auto-immune mechanisms as a probable aetiology of Behcet's syndrome: an electron microscopic study of the oral mucosa.Virchows Arch [Pathol Anat]353:
261–272,
1971
25.
SelmanI.E.WisemanA.MurrayM.WrightN.G.:
A clinicopathological study of bovine malignant catarrhal fever in Great Britain.Vet Rec94:
483–490,
1974
StorzJ.OkunaN.McChesneyA.E.PiersonR.E.:
Virologic studies on cattle with naturally occurring and experimentally induced malignant catarrhal fever.Am J Vet Res37:
875–878,
1976
TurkJ.L.:
Delayed Hypersensitivity,
2nd ed.,
pp. 181–210;
North Holland Publishing Co.,
Amsterdam,
1975
30.
WaksmanB.:
The pattern of rejection in rat skin homografts, and its relation to the vascular network.Lab Invest12:
46–57,
1963
31.
WilksC.R.RossiterP.B.:
An immunosuppressive factor in serum of rabbits lethally infected with the herpesvirus of bovine malignant catarrhal fever.J Infect Dis137:
403–409,
1978
32.
WoodruffJ.M.ButcherW.I.HellersteinL.J.:
Early-secondary disease in the rhesus monkey. II. Electron microscopy of changes in mucous membranes and external epithelia as demonstrated in the tongue and lip.Lab Invest27:
85–98,
1972
