Castrated male sheep were sham implanted or implanted with estradiol, trenbolone acetate or trenbolone acetate in combination with estradiol, and slaughtered after 56 days. Ultrastructural and morphometric examination of the livers of steroid-treated sheep showed an increase in the volume density of the cell occupied by rough endoplasmic reticulum and microbodies. In four of the eight sheep treated with trenbolone acetate, either alone or in combination with estradiol, enlarged mitochondria with crystalline inclusions were seen. The increase in hepatic rough endoplasmic reticulum may be of benefit to the sheep whereas the mitochondrial changes after anabolic steroid use indicate a cellular lesion of unknown significance for health.
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