Four anesthetized rabbits given intratracheal injections of hydrochloric acid, pH 1.5, 2 ml/kg, were killed 4 h later. A fifth rabbit was an untreated control. Each lung had a few red-brown patches of compression atelectasis. Microscopically, treated lungs had a severe exudative necrotizing bronchitis, bronchiolitis, and alveolitis. There was also intra-alveolar hemorrhage and edema. Electron microscopy showed folds, projections and focal swellings of type I cells lining affected alveoli. A morphometric study showed 69% of parenchyma to be normal, 26% edematous and 5% hemorrhagic. In the airways 58% of the epithelium was damaged.
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