Nineteen of 20 chickens with bacterial endocarditis characterized by well-developed vegetations on valves of the left side of the heart had lesions in the central nervous system. Anhemolytic streptococci were implicated as etiologic agents in 11 spontaneous cases, and S. faecalis var. liquefaciens was used to produce the disease experimentally in the 9 other birds. The CNS lesions were related to bacterial emboli, and included multifocal segmental inflammation of arteries, arterioles, and capillaries, with associated perivascular and intracerebral inflammatory foci, infarcts of brain tissue, and leptomeningitis.
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