Radiation and Concurrent Carboplatin Administration in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Cancer

Abstract

Aims and Background

To improve local control in patients with locally advanced inoperable head and neck cancer we administered carboplatin concurrently with radiation.

Methods

Thirty-nine patients entered the study. There were 35 men and 4 women with a median age of 58 years (range, 24-74) and a median performance status of 90 (range, 60-100) of the Karnofsky scale. The primary site included nasopharynx (5 patients), oropharynx (n=10), hypopharynx (n=5), larynx (n=12), oral cavity (n=2), paranasal sinuses (n=3), salivary glands (n=1) and unknown (n=1). Histology was squamous cell carcinoma in all cases. All patients were irradiated with a ⁶⁰Co unit. According to the protocol, they should receive 66-70 Gy to the tumor area and 45 Gy to the tumor-free area of the neck. Carboplatin was administered at a dose of 400 mg/m² on days 2, 22 and 42.

Results

Totally, 112 cycles of carboplatin were administered, of which 106 (95%) were at full dose. Median dose intensity of carboplatin actually delivered was 170 mg/m²/week (range, 57-200). All patients were irradiated, although only 30 (77%) received >66 Gy. After the completion of combined treatment, 23 (59%, 95% C.I. 42-74%) achieved a CR and 10 (26%, 95% C.I. 13-42%) a PR. Grade 3-4 myelotoxicity was noticed in 60% of the patients. Other grade 3-4 toxicities included stomatitis (13%), dysphagia (5%) and weight loss (3%). Median time to progression was 18 months (range, 2-25).

Conclusions

Radiation and concurrent administration of carboplatin determined a high CR rate in patients with HNC, although the superiority of this combined modality approach over radiation alone has to be proven in phase III trials.