The simultaneous presence of xanthogranulomatous cholecystitis and adenocarcinoma of the gallbladder has rarely been reported. A review of 53 cases of gallbladder adenocarcinoma in a 15-year period revealed 5 cases in which a concomitant diffuse xanthogranulomatous disease was observed. Clinical and pathologic features of these cases are commented and the diagnostic importance stressed. Both inflammatory and neoplastic components were closely mixed in 3 cases, thus making a prompt diagnosis difficult. Etiologic factors implicated in the development of both entities are considered.
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