The effects of single or repeated Bacillus of Calmette and Guérin (BCG) treatment on the onset of tumors induced by the carcinogen 7,12-dimethylbenz (α) anthracene (DMBA) injected at birth into Swiss mice were studied. Multiple doses of BCG, given at regular intervals significantly lowered the incidence of carcinogen-induced tumors. The DMBA–induced lung adenomas did not differ morphologically from the ones that appeared in mice simultaneously treated with both DMBA and BCG.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AmielJ. L., BerardetM.: Effects of active specific and non-specific immunotherapy on E male G2 leukaemia according to the route of administration and combination of immunological stimulants. Europ. J. Cancer, 7: 419–423, 1971.
2.
BaldwinR. W., PimmM. V.: BCG immunotherapy of pulmonary growths from intravenously transferred rat tumour cells. Br. J. Cancer, 27: 48–54, 1973.
3.
BaroniC.D., BertoliG., FabrisN.: Risposta immunitaria primaria in topi di ceppo albino iniettati alla nascita con un'unica dose di 7,12-dimetilbenz(α)antracene. Tumori, 54: 117–126, 1968.
4.
BaroniC. D., ScelsiR., PesandoP., MingazziniP.: Risposta immunitaria secondaria anti-eritrociti di montone in topi Swiss iniettati alla nascita con un'unica dose di 7,12-dimetilbenz(α)antracene. Tumori, 56: 269–278, 1970.
5.
BaroniC. D., BertoliG., PesandoP., ScelsiR.: Delayed hypersensitivity in BALB/c and Charles-River mice injected at birth with a single dose of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene (DMBA). Experientia, 26: 899–900, 1970.
6.
BaroniC. D., ScelsiR., PeronaceM. L., UcciniS.: Heterologous antilymphocyte serum hastens the growth of 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene-induced tumours in mice. Br. J. Cancer, 28: 221–226, 1973.
7.
BaroniC. D., ScelsiR., ScelsiM., SoravitoG., RucoL., UcciniS.: T and B immunodepression during 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene carcinogenesis in mice. pp. 501–506. In: Immune Reactivity of Lymphocytes.FeldmanM., GlobersonA. (eds.). Plenum Publishing Corp., New York, 1976.
8.
BastR. C., ShearsB. W., RappH. J., GelboinH. V.: Aryl hydrocarbon (benzo[α]pyrene) hydroxylase in guinea pig peritoneal macrophages: benz[α]anthracene-induced increase of enzyme activity in vivo and in cell culture. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 51: 675–678, 1973.
9.
BastR. C., ZbarB., BorsosT., RappH. J.: BCG and cancer (I). New Engl. J. Med., 290: 1413–1420, 1974.
10.
BekierkunstA., LevijI. S., YarkoniE., VilkasE., LedererE.: Suppression of urethan-induced lung adenomas in mice treated with trehalose-6,6-dimycolate (cord factor) and living Bacillus Calmette Guérin. Science, 174: 1240–1242, 1971.
11.
EvansR., AlexanderP.: Mechanism of immunologically specific killing of tumour cells by macrophages. Nature (Lond.), 236: 168, 1972.
12.
FinkelsteinJ. Z., TittleK. L., ImagawaD. T.: Immunoprophylaxis and immunotherapy of leukemia with BCG. Lancet, 2: 875–876, 1972.
13.
HawrylkoE., MackanessG. B.: Immunopotentiation with BCG. III. Modulation of the response to a tumor-specific antigen. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 51: 1677–1682, 1973.
14.
KataokaT., NakamuraR., YamamotoS., TokunagaT., MurohashiT., TanakaT.: Effect of BCG on carcinogen-induced tumor development in mice. Japan J. Med. Sci. Biol., 25: 377–382, 1972.
15.
LarsonC. L., BakerR. E., UshijimaR. N., BakerM. B., GillespieG.: Immunotherapy of Friend disease in mice employing viable BCG vaccine. Proc. Soc. Exp. Biol. Med., 140: 700–702, 1972.
16.
LavrinD. H., RosenbergS. A., ConnorR. J.: Immunoprophylaxis of methylcholanthrene-induced tumors in mice with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin and methanol–extracted residue. Cancer Res., 33: 472–477, 1973.
17.
LemondeP., DubreuilR., GuindonA., LussierG.: Stimulating influence of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin on immunity to polyoma tumor of spontaneous leukemia. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 47: 1013–1024, 1971.
18.
MillerT. E., MackanessG. B., LagrangeP. H.: Immunopotentiation with BCG. II. Modulation of the response to sheep red blood cells. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 51: 1669–1676, 1973.
19.
MunozJ.: Effect of bacteria and bacterial products on antibody response. pp. 397–440. In: Advances in Immunology.DixonF.J., HumphreyJ. H. (eds.). Academic Press, London, 1964.
20.
PiessensW. F., HeimannR., LegrosN., HeusonJ.-C.: Effect of Bacillus Calmette -Guérin on mammary tumor formation and cellular immunity in dimethylbenz(α) anthracene-treated rats. Cancer Res., 31: 1061–1065, 1971.
21.
RappaportH., BaroniC.D.: A study of the pathogenesis of malignant lymphomas induced in Swiss mouse by 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene injected at birth. Cancer Res., 22: 1067–1074, 1962.
22.
SalvinS. B., YoungnerJ. S., LedererW. H.: Migration inhibitory factor and interferon in the circulation of mice with delayed hypersensitivity. Infect. Immun., 7: 68–75, 1973.
23.
ShimkinM. B., StonerG. D.: Lung tumors in mice: application to carcinogenesis bioassay. Adv. Cancer Res., 21: 1–58, 1975.
24.
TokunagaT., YamamotoS., NakamuraR., KataokaT.: Immunotherapeutic and immunoprophylactic effects of BCG on 3-methylcholanthrene-induced autochthonous tumor in Swiss mice. J. Nat. Cancer Inst., 5: 459–463, 1974.
25.
TraininN., Linker-IsraeliM., SmallM.: Enhancement of lung adenoma formation by neonatal thymectomy in mice treated with 7,12-dimethylbenz(α)anthracene or urethan. Int. J. Cancer, 2: 326–336, 1967.
26.
WhitlockJ. P.Jr., CooperH. L., GelboinH. V.: Aryl hydrocarbon (benzopyrene) hydroxylase is stimulated in human lymphocytes by mitogens and benz(α) anthracene. Science, 177: 618–619, 1972.
