127 anterior resections for adenocarcinoma of the rectum and sigmoid were performed at the Istituto Nazionale Tumori from 1950 to 1972. In 48% of cases the site of tumor was upper rectum and recto-sigmoid. The surgical mortality rate was 4,7%. Complications were observed in about 40%, fecal fistula being the most frequent. It seems correlable with the anastomotic technique and is significantly reduced by colostomy. Local failure occurred in 8,3% of patients with maximum rate (28,5%) for tumors located under 12 cm from the anus. The 5-year over-all survival rate was 73,3% with substantial differences according to the extent of initial disease.
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