Out of 302 cases of thyroid carcinoma seen at the Cancer Institute of Milan, six occurred in children, 5 females and 1 male. Two were papillary carcinomas. In three cases the first clinical symptom was a lymph node metastasis. In 5 cases combined surgical and radiological therapy was instituted, and in 1 case radiological therapy alone was applied. The patients are alive and well after a period ranging between 1 month and 15 years. A survey of a total of 12 cases of childhood thyroid carcinoma published in the Italian literature revealed in 3 cases a history of x-rays treatment at variable time before the onset of the thyroid tumor.
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