GalskyMDChenGJOhWKet al. Comparative effectiveness of cisplatin-based and carboplatin-based chemotherapy for treatment of advanced urothelial carcinoma. Ann Oncol2012;23:406-10.
2.
von der MaaseHSengelovLRobertsJTet al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol2005;23:4602-8.
3.
SternbergCNde MulderPSchornagelJHet al. Seven year update of an EORTC phase III trial of high-dose intensity M-VAC chemotherapy and G-CSF versus classic M-VAC in advanced urothelial tract tumours. Eur J Cancer2006; 42:50-4.
4.
BellmuntJvon der MaaseHMeadGMet al. Randomized phase III study comparing paclitaxel/cisplatin/gemcitabine and gemcitabine/cisplatin in patients with locally advanced or metastatic urothelial cancer without prior systemic therapy: EORTC Intergroup Study 30987. J Clin Oncol2012; 30:1107-13.
5.
von der MaaseHSengelovLRobertsJTet al. Long-term survival results of a randomized trial comparing gemcitabine plus cisplatin, with methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, plus cisplatin in patients with bladder cancer. J Clin Oncol2005;23:4602-8.
6.
GalskyMDHahnNMRosenbergJet al. A consensus definition of patients with metastatic urothelial carcinoma who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy. Lancet Oncol2011;12:211-4.
7.
De SantisMBellmuntJMeadGet al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer who are unfit for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol2012; 30:191-9.
8.
De SantisMBellmuntJMeadGet al. Randomized phase II/III trial assessing gemcitabine/carboplatin and methotrexate/carboplatin/vinblastine in patients with advanced urothelial cancer “unfit” for cisplatin-based chemotherapy: phase II–results of EORTC study 30986. J Clin Oncol2009; 27:5634-9.
9.
YafiFANorthSKassoufW.First- and second-line therapy for metastatic urothelial carcinoma of the bladder. Curr Oncol2011;18:e25-34.
10.
AlbersPParkSINiegischGet al. Randomized phase III trial of 2nd line gemcitabine and paclitaxel chemotherapy in patients with advanced bladder cancer: short-term versus prolonged treatment [German Association of Urological Oncology (AUO) trial AB 20/99]. Ann Oncol2011; 22:288-94.
11.
BellmuntJTheodoreCDemkovTet al. Phase III trial of vinflunine plus best supportive care compared with best supportive care alone after a platinum-containing regimen in patients with advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the urothelial tract. J Clin Oncol2009; 27:4454-61.
12.
BalarAVGalskyMDRosenbergJEet al. Atezolizumab as first-line treatment in cisplatin-ineligible patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma: a single-arm, multicentre, phase 2 trial. Lancet2017;389:67-76.
13.
RosenbergJEHoffman-CensitsJPowlesTet al. Atezolizumab in patients with locally advanced and metastatic urothelial carcinoma who have progressed following treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy: a single-arm, multicenter, phase 2 trial. Lancet2016; 387:1909-20.
14.
BellmuntJde WitRVaughnDJet al, KEYNOTE-045 Investigators. Pembrolizumab as Second-Line Therapy for Advanced Urothelial Carcinoma. N Engl J Med2017;376(11):1015-26.