The Management of Gastric Adenocarcinoma with Postoperative Chemoirradiation. A non-randomized comparison of oral UFT and 5-FU

Abstract

Aims and background

We assessed the therapeutic results and tolerability of postoperative chemoradiotherapy with either oral UFT or 5-fluorouracil for carcinoma of the stomach.

Methods and study design

Forty-six patients treated with chemoradiotherapy following total or subtotal gastrectomy for gastric carcinoma formed the cohort evaluated. The group included 39 males and 7 females whose ages ranged from 21 to 74 years (median, 53 years). In all patients, surgical therapy was the initial approach with a curative intent. The types of operations performed were total gastrectomy in 11 or subtotal gastrectomy in 35 patients. Radiotherapy began from 14 to 161 days after surgery (median, 55 days). Twenty patients received concomitant oral UFT (200 mg/m²), and 26 patients were given 5-fluorouracil (425 mg/m², iv bolus) concurrently with irradiation consisting of one or two cycles, usually as a 3-day bolus at the start and last 3 days of irradiation therapy for radiosensitizing purposes. The patients were treated using either cobalt-60 or 6 MV photons, and irradiation doses delivered to the tumor bed and regional lymphatics ranged from 40 to 50 Gy (median, 46 Gy).

Results

Median follow-up for the entire group was 24 months (range, 2–67). The 2-year overall survival of the entire group of patients was 64%. The 2-year overall survival rates for 5-fluorouracil and oral UFT groups were 72% and 66%, respectively (P = 0.3). Treatment-related factors were reviewed to identify any impact on survival. Analyses included type of surgery and dissection, fraction size, the total dose of irradiation and the type of chemotherapy. A significant detrimental effect in survival in the patients treated with D2 dissection compared to the patients treated with D1 dissection was noted (P = 0.01). Overall grade II-III toxicity of oral UFT was significantly lower than 5-FU (4 patients vs 14 patients, P = 0.03).

Conclusions

Concomitant use of oral UFT with radiation seems to be more tolerable and an equally effective regimen in the treatment of locally advanced gastric cancer compared with 5-fluorouracil. D2 dissection was found to have detrimental effects on survival in this cohort.