In a phantom study using a 0.3 tesla MR system the signal alterations, artifacts and image distortion induced by a bowel contrast medium containing superparamagnetic magnetite particles were evaluated. A concentration of 20 mg iron/1 was most useful because it caused a significant signal reduction without disturbing artifacts and image distortion. The signal reduction was most pronounced on long TR/TE spin echo sequences. The appearance and distribution of artifacts are related to the direction of the static magnetic field and frequency encoding gradient. The size of artifacts is related to the concentration of the contrast medium and the band width used.
AndersonW.HarthillJ. E.JamesW. B.MontgomeryD.: Barium sulphate preparations for use in double contrast examinations of the upper gastrointestinal tract. Brit. J. Radiol.53 (1980), 1150.
2.
ElliottD.VaccaJ. G.WehrliF.: Basic principles of magnetic resonance imaging. In: Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy, p. 1. Edited by MettlerF. A.JrMuroffL. R.KulkaniM. V.Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh1986.
3.
EricssonA.: Calculation of MRI artifacts caused by static field disturbances. Phys. Med. Biol.33 (1988), 1103.
4.
HahnP. F.StarkD. D.SainiS.LewisJ. M.WittenbergJ.FerrucciJ. T.: Ferrite particles for bowel contrast in MR imaging. Design issues and feasibility studies. Radiology164 (1987), 37.
5.
HahnP. F.StarkD. D.WeisslederR.SainiS.ElizondoG.FerrucciJ. T.: Image artifacts introduced by MRI gastrointestinal contrast agents. Magnitude, cause, and amelioration. Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Sixth Annual Meeting. New York 1987. Abstracts, p. 78.
6.
HalsP. A.KlavenessJ.HoltzE.GundersenH.RyeSobstad A.GolmanK.: Superparamagnetic particulate gut contrast medium. Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, Sixth Annual Meeting. New York 1987. Abstracts, p. 331.
7.
HemmingssonA.EricssonA.JungB.LönnemarkM.SperberY.-O.CarlstenJ.: Effects of magnetic particles in magnetic resonance imaging. Society of Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. Sixth Annual Meeting. New York 1987. Abstracts, p. 666.
8.
KlavenessJ.BergA.: MRI contrast media development. Topics from the research program at Nycomed. Diagn. Imag. Internat., Special Suppl. No. 4 (1988), 70.
9.
LönnemarkM.HemmingssonA.CarlstenJ.EricssonA.HoltzE.KlavenessJ.: Superparamagnetic particles as an MRI contrast agent for the gastrointestinal tract. Acta Radiol.29 (1988), 599.
SainiS.FrankelR. B.StarkD. D.FerrucciJ. T.: Magnetism. A primer and review. Amer. J. Roentgenol.150 (1988), 735.
12.
StarkD. D.: The liver, pancreas and spleen. In: Magnetic resonance of the body, p. 347. Edited by HigginsC. B.HricakH.Raven Press, New York1987.
13.
ThoeniR. F.HricakH.ThurnherS.: Normal anatomy. The abdomen. In: Magnetic resonance of the body, p. 75. Edited by HigginsC. B.HricakH.Raven Press, New York1987.
