Effects of High- and Low-Osmolar Contrast Media on Renal Plasma Flow and Glomerular Filtration Rate in Euvolaemic and Dehydrated Rats

Abstract

The effects of a slow intravenous injection of contrast media (CM) on renal function and haemodynamics were investigated in euvolaemic and dehydrated rats. Iodine-equivalent doses (1600 mg I/kg body weight) of ioxithalamate, ioxaglate, iopamidol and iohexol were used. Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and renal plasma flow (RPF) were assessed with clearance techniques. In euvolaemic rats no statistically significant decrease in GFR or RPF was found after CM injections. In the dehydrated rats the changes in GFR were more pronounced and this was significantly decreased in the ioxithalamate and iopamidol groups while RPF was still not decreased. This study indicates that dehydration potentiates adverse effects of CM on GFR and that there may be differences between the effects of low-osmolar and high-osmolar CM on GFR and also between different low-osmolar CM.

Keywords

Contrast medium,comparative studies kidney,function experimental

Get full access to this article

View all access options for this article.

References

1. Berkseth

R. O.

Kjellstrand

C. M.

: Radiologic contrast-induced nephropathy. Med. Clin. N. Amer. 68 (1984) Suppl. No. 2, p. 351.

2. Cattell

W. R.

Fry

I. Kelsey

, Spencer A. G. and coll.: Excretion urography. I. Factors determining the excretion of Hypaque. Brit. J. Radiol. 40 (1967), 561.

3. Danford

R. O.

Talner

L. B.

Davidson

A. J.

: Effect of graded osmolalities of saline solution and contrast media on renal extraction of PAH in the dog. Invest. Radiol. 4 (1969), 301.

4. Dawson

: Chemotoxicity of contrast media and clinical adverse effects. A review. Invest. Radiol. 20 (1985) Suppl. No. 20, p. 84.

5. Dean

P. B.

Kivisaari

Kormano

: Does dilution of contrast media affect contrast enhancement? An experimental study in rats. Invest. Radiol. 23 (1988), S118.

6. Forrest

J. B.

Howards

S. S.

Gillenwater

J. Y.

: Osmotic effects of intravenous contrast agents on renal function. J. Urol. 125 (1981), 147.

7. Gottschalk

C. W.

Mylle

: Micropuncture study of pressures in proximal and distal tubules and peritubular capillaries of the rat kidney during osmotic diuresis. Amer. J. Physiol. 189 (1957), 323.

8. Harrington

A. R.

Zimmerman

S. W.

: Measurement of glomerular filtration rate. Use of the clearance concept. In: Renal pathophysiology, p. 29. John Wiley & Sons, New York 1982.

9. Holtås

Golman

Törnquist

: Proteinuria following nephroangiography. VIII. Comparison between diatrizoate and iohexol in the rat. Acta Radiol. (1980) Suppl. No. 362, p. 53.

10.

10. Katzberg

R. W.

Morris

T. W.

, Burgener F. A. and coll.: Renal renin and hemodynamic responses to selective renal artery catheterization and angiography. Invest. Radiol. 12 (1977), 381.

11.

11. Katzberg

R. W.

, Schulman G. and coll.: Reactions to intravenous contrast media. Part II. Acute renal response in euvolemic and dehydrated dogs. Radiology 147 (1983), 331.

12.

12. Katzberg

R. W.

Pabico

R. C.

, Morris T. W. and coll.: A comparison of clearance and arteriovenous extraction techniques for measurements of renal hemodynamic functions. Invest. Radiol. 21 (1986), 910.

13.

13. Kråkenes

Elsayed

Göthlin

Farstad

: Proteinuria after selective nephroangiography in man. Comparison of three different contrast media. Acta Radiol. Diagnosis 21 (1980), 401.

14.

14. Leeming

B. W.

Spokes

K. C.

Silva

: Effect of meglumine iothalamate on renal hemodynamics and function in the diabetic rat. Invest. Radiol. 20 (1985), 971.

15.

15. Morsing

Persson

E. G.

Boberg

: A micropuncture assessment of the effects of contrast media of different osmolality. Invest. Radiol. 23 (1988), 767.

16.

16. Mudge

G. H.

: Nephrotoxicity of urographic radiocontrast drugs. Kidney Int. 18 (1980), 540.

17.

17. Norby

L. H.

Dibona

G. F.

: The renal vascular effects of meglumine diatrizoate. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 193 (1975), 932.

18.

18. Nyman

Nilsson

Westergren

: Pain and hemodynamic effects in aortofemoral angiography. Clinical comparison of iohexol, ioxaglate and metrizamide. Acta Radiol. Diagnosis 23 (1982), 389.

19.

19. Reed

J. R.

Williams

R. H.

Luke

R. G.

: The renal hemodynamic response to diatrizoate in normal and diabetic rats. Invest. Radiol. 18 (1983), 536.

20.

20. Sullivan

L. P.

Grantham

J. J.

: Blood flow and filtration. In: Physiology of the kidney, p. 65. Lea & Febiger, Philadelphia 1982.

21.

21. Talner

L. B.

Davidson

A. J.

: Effect of contrast media on renal extraction of PAH. Invest. Radiol. 3 (1968), 301.

22.

22. Tidgren

: Effect of the contrast medium meglumine amidotrizoate on renal extraction of para-amino hippurate after injection into the renal vein. Clin. Physiol. 5 (1985), 301.

23.

23. Törnquist

Holtås

: Renal angiography with iohexol and metrizoate. Radiology 150 (1984), 331.

24.

24. Trewhella

Forsling

, Rickards D. and coll.: Dehydration, antidiuretic hormone and the intravenous urogram. Brit. J. Radiol. 60 (1987), 445.