Ultrasound guided aspiration biopsy of renal mass lesions was performed in 56 patients in whom renal cell carcinoma could not be excluded due to equivocal imaging results. Cytology showed non-malignant mesenchymal cells consistent with angiomyolipoma in 12 patients. In 5 of these patients the diagnosis was ensured by open biopsy. No nephrectomy was performed. In 6 of the 7 patients not operated upon the tumours remained unchanged with no evidence of malignancy during a 3–36 months' follow-up period. Aspiration biopsy is an easy and safe method for diagnosing renal angiomyolipoma in cases where computed tomography is not diagnostic for this disease.
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