Abstract
The frequency of spondylolysis and the relationship between spondylolysis and the sacro-horizontal angle in 143 athletes and 30 non-athletes is reported. Athletes had a larger sacro-horizontal angle than non-athletes. The sacro-horizontal angle was larger in athletes with spondylolysis as compared with those without. An increased incidence of spondylolysis with an increased angle was demonstrated. It is suggested that an increased sacro-horizontal angle may predispose to spondylolysis, especially in combination with the high mechanical loads sustained in certain sports.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
.
Amato
M.
Totty
W. G.
Gilula
L. A.
: Spondylolysis of the lumbar spine. Demonstration of defects and laminar fragmentation . Radiology
153 (1984 ), 627 .
2.
.
Andersson
E.
Swärd
L.
Thorstensson
A.
: Trunk muscle strength in athletes . Med. Sci. Sports Exerc. (accepted for publication).
3.
.
Blackburne
J. S.
Velikas
E. P.
: Spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents . J. Bone Jt Surg.
59-B (1977 ), 490 .
4.
.
Bonne
A. J.
: On the shape of the human vertebral column . Acta Orthop. Belg.
35 (1969 ), 567 .
5.
.
Boxall
D.
Bradford
D. S.
Winter
R. B.
Moe
J. H.
: Management of severe spondylolisthesis in children and adolescents . J. Bone Jt Surg.
61-A (1979 ), 479 .
6.
.
Bradley
J. W.
: Distribution-free statistical tests , p. 68 . Prentice Hall , London
1968 .
7.
.
Chandler
F. A.
: Lesions of the ‘isthmus’ (pars interarticularis) of the laminae of the lower lumbar vertebrae and their relation to spondylolisthesis . Surg. Gynec. Obstet.
53 (1931 ), 273 .
8.
.
Cyron
B. M.
Hutton
W. C.
: The fatigue strength of the lumbar neural arch in spondylolysis . J. Bone Jt Surg.
60-B (1978 ), 234 .
9.
.
Cyron
B. M.
Troup
J. D. G.
: Spondylolytic fractures . J. Bone Jt Surg.
58-B (1976 ), 462 .
10.
.
Farfan
H. F.
Osteria
V.
Lamy
C.
: The mechanical etiology of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 40 .
11.
.
Ferguson
R. J.
McMaster
J. H.
Stanitski
C. L.
: Low back pain in college football linemen . J. Sports Med.
2 (1974 ), 63 .
12.
.
Fredrickson
B. E.
Baker
D.
McHolick
W. J.
Yuan
H. A.
Lubicky
J. P.
: The natural history of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis . J. Bone Jt Surg.
66-A (1984 ), 699 .
13.
.
Hellström
M.
Jacobsson
B.
Swärd
L.
Peterson
L.
: Radiological abnormalities of the spine in athletes (in preparation).
14.
.
Jackson
D. W.
Wiltse
L. L.
Cirincione
R. J.
: Spondylolysis in the female gymnast . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 68 .
15.
.
Jackson
D. W.
Dingeman
R. D.
Hayes
M.
: Stress reactions involving the pars interarticularis in young athletes . Amer. J. Sports Med.
9 (1981 ), 304 .
16.
.
Kono
S.
Hayashi
N.
, Kasahara T. and coll. : A study on the etiology of spondylolysis with reference to athletic activities . J. Jap. Orthop. Ass.
49 (1975 ), 125 .
17.
.
Libson
E.
Bloom
R. A.
Dinari
G.
Robin
G. C.
: Oblique lumbar spine radiographs. Importance in young patients . Radiology
151 (1984 ), 89 .
18.
.
Lowe
R. W.
Hayes
T. D.
Kaye
J.
Bagg
R. J.
Luekens
C. A.
: Standing roentgenograms in spondylolysis . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 80 .
19.
.
McCarrol
J. R.
Miller
J. M.
Ritter
M. A.
: Lumbar spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in college football players . Amer. J. Sports Med.
14 (1986 ), 404 .
20.
.
Maxwell
A. E.
: Analysing qualitative data . Methuen , London
1961 .
21.
.
Meyerding
H. W.
: Spondylolisthesis . Surg. Gynec. Obstet.
54 (1932 ), 371 .
22.
.
Ogilvie
J. W.
Sherman
J.
: Spondylolysis in Scheuermann's disease . Spine
12 (1987 ), 251 .
23.
.
Roche
M. B.
Rowe
G. G.
: The incidence of separate neural arch and coincident bone variations . J. Bone Jt Surg.
34-A (1952 ), 491 .
24.
.
Saraste
H.
Broström
L.-Å.
Aparisi
T.
: Radiographic assessment of anatomic deviations in lumbar spondylolysis . Acta Radiol. Diagnosis
25 (1984 ), 317 .
25.
.
Saraste
H.
Broström
L.-Å.
Aparisi
T.
Prognostic radiographic aspects of spondylolisthesis . Acta Radiol. Diagnosis
25 (1984 ), 427 .
26.
.
Saraste
H.
Axdorph
G.
: Radiographic measurement of the lumbar spine. A clinical and experimental study in man . Spine
10 (1985 ), 236 .
27.
.
Stewart
T. D.
: The age incidence of neural arch defects in Alaskan natives, considered from the standpoint of etiology . J. Bone Jt Surg.
35-A (1953 ), 937 .
28.
.
Stewart
T. D.
Examination of the possibility that certain skeletal characters predispose to defects in the lumbar neural arches . Clin. Orthop.
8 (1956 ), 44 .
29.
.
Swärd
L.
Hellström
M.
Jacobsson
B.
Peterson
L.
: Back pain and radiological changes in the thoraco-lumbar spine in athletes (in preparation).
30.
.
Taillard
W.
: Traumatisme et spondylosithésis . Acta Orthop. Belg.
35 (1969 ), 703 .
31.
.
Taillard
W.
Etiology of spondylolisthesis . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 30 .
32.
.
Troup
J. D. G.
: Mechanical factors in spondylolisthesis and spondylolysis . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 59 .
33.
.
Troup
J. D. G.
The etiology of spondylolysis . Orthop. Clin. N. Amer.
8 (1977 ), 57 .
34.
.
Weis
E. B.
: Stresses at the lumbosacral junction . Orthop. Clin. N. Amer.
6 (1975 ), 83 .
35.
.
Wiltse
L. L.
: The etiology of spondylolisthesis . J. Bone Jt Surg.
44-A (1962 ), 539 .
36.
.
Wiltse
L. L.
Newman
P. H.
MacNab
I.
: Classification of spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis . Clin. Orthop.
117 (1976 ), 23 .
37.
.
Wiltse
L. L.
Widell
E. H.
Jackson
D. W.
: Fatigue fracture. The basic lesion in isthmic spondylolisthesis . J. Bone Jt Surg.
57-A (1975 ), 17 .
38.
.
Wiltse
L. L.
Winter
R. B.
: Terminology and measurement of spondylolisthesis . J. Bone Jt Surg.
65-A (1983 ), 768 .
