Experiments on the biologic effects of ultrasound (US) were carried out on rat embryos exposed for 120 s to a US beam showing features similar to those already employed for diagnostic purposes. Electron microscopic investigation of the liver parenchyma of rat embryos confirmed results obtained from adult guinea pigs with the same duration of exposure, i.e. diffuse vacuolization of cytoplasma and varying degrees of mitochondrial damage.
CardinaleA.de MariaM., de Simone G. F. and coll.: Possibili effetti biologici degli ultrasuoni, impiegati a scopo diagnostico sul parenchima epatico di ratto. (In Italian.)Min. Med.74 (1983).
2.
CardinaleA.de MariaM., de Simone G. F. and coll.: Ricerche sperimentali sul parenchima epatico di ratto dopo impiego di ultrasuoni con caratteristiche utilizzate in diagnostica addominale. (In Italian.) Atti del 9° Convegno di diagnostico con ultrasuoni, Modena 1982.
3.
CardinaleA.GrisafiD.LagallaR.PalmaA.ValentinoB.: Valutazione critica della interazione tra ultrasuoni e tessuti. Ricerche sperimentali di ordine metodologico, ultrastrutturale e bioumurale. (In Italian.) Atti 15° Congresso Nazionale A. I. R. B. M. 4° Convegno Nazionale S. A. R. O., Pisa 1983.
4.
CardinaleA.LagallaR.ValentinoB.LaconiA.: Biological effects of ultrasounds. An experimental contribution of liver and ovaries. Ital. Curr. Radiol.2 (1984), 115.
5.
CarsonP. L.FischellaP. R.OughtonT. V.: Ultrasonic power and intensities produced by diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Ultrasound Med. Biol.3 (1978), 341.
6.
EdmondsP. D.SancierK. M.: Evidence for free radical production by ultrasonic cavitation in biological media. Ultrasound Med. Biol.6 (1983), 635.
7.
Food and drug administration. Department of Health Education and Welfare: Diagnostic ultrasound equipment. Intent to propose rules and develop recommendations. Fed. Register44 (1978), 31.
8.
HoganR. D.FranklinT. D.FryF. J.AveryK. A.BurkoK. M.: The effect of ultrasound on microvascular hemodynamics in skeletal muscle effect on arterioles. Ultrasound Med. Biol.8 (1982), 45.
9.
HredzizaI.: Changes in cells ultrastructure under direct action of ultrasounds. High Energy Ultrasound59 (1970), 457.
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LaconiA.CardinaleA.LagallaR.ValentinoB.: La interazione degli ultrasuoni con i tessuti biologici. Moderne prospettive in radiologia. Valutazioni sperimentali degli effetti biologici conseguenti all'impiego diagnostico di radiazioni non ionizzanti di tipo ultrasonico. (In Italian.) Atti 31° Congresso Nazionale S. I. R. M. N., Firenze 1984.
11.
NyborgW. L.SteeleR. B.: Temperature elevation in a beam of ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol.6 (1983), 611.
12.
StephensR. J.HartC. P.TorbitC. A.EdmondsP. D.: Reproducible subcellular alterations in hepatocytes resulting from ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol.6 (1980), 239.
13.
StephensR. J.TorbitC. A.GrothD. G.EdmondsP. D.: Mitochondrial changes resulting from ulstrasound irradiation. In: Ultrasound in medicine. Edited by WhiteD. N.BrownR. E., Plenum Press, New York1978.
14.
TaylorK. J. W.PondJ. B.: A study of the production of haemorrhagic injury and paraplegia in rat spinal cord by pulsed ultrasound of low MHz frequencies in the context of the safety for clinical usage. Brit. J. Radiol.45 (1972), 343.
15.
TrumpB. F.GolblattP. J.StowellR. E.: Studies on necrosis of mouse liver in vitro. Ultrastructural alterations in the mitochondria of hepatic parenchyma cells. Lab. Invest.14 (1978), 343.
