Energy per Ion Pair

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Binks W. : Energy expended in ionizing air. Rep. Progress in Physics 3 (1936), 347.

Bortner T. E. Hurst G. S. : Energy per ion pair for 5 MeV α-particles in helium. Phys. Rev. 90 (1953), 160.

Broyles C. D. Thomas D. A. Haynes S. K. : The measurement and interpretation of the K Auger intensities of Sn¹¹³, Cs¹³⁷ and Au¹⁹⁸ . Phys. Rev. 89 (1953), 715.

Cranshaw T. E. Harvey J. A. : Measurement of energies of α-particles. Can. J. Res. 26A (1948), 243.

Curie I. Joliot F. : Number of ions produced by the α-particles of radium C in air. Comptes Rendus 187 (1928), 43.

Curran S. C. Angus J. Cockroft A. L. : Investigation of soft radiation by proportional counters. V. Use as a detector of ultra violet quanta and analysis of the gas multiplication process. Phil. Mag. 40 (1949), 929.

Curran S. C. Cockroft A. L. Insch G. M. : Energy expended per ion pair for slow electrons in various gases. Phil. Mag. 41 (1950), 517.

Eisl A. : Ionization of air by cathode rays. Ann. Phys. 3 (1929), 277.

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Gerbes W. : Ionization by cathode rays in air. Ann. Phys. 23 (1935), 648.

Gerthsen C. : Ionization and range of hydrogen canal rays in air and hydrogen. Ann. Phys. 5 (1930), 657.

Gerthsen C. Grimm Z. : The ionization expenditure of radioactive recoil atoms. Phys. 120 (1943), 476.

Gray L. H. : The experimental determination by ionization methods of the rate of emission of β- and gamma-ray energy by radioactive substances. The isotopes Na²⁴, P³², Co⁶⁰ and I¹³¹. Brit. J. Radiol. 22 (1949), 677; Brit. Med. Bull. 8 (1952), 115.

Gray L. H. : Absorption of penetrating radiation. P.R.S. A122 (1929), 647.

Gray L. H. : The ionization method of measuring neutron energy. Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 40 (1944), 72.

Hanna G. C. : The disintegration of boron by slow neutrons. Phys. Rev. 80 (1950), 530.

Jentschke W. : Measurements on hard H-rays. Physikal. Z. 41 (1940), 524.

Jesse W. P. Forstat H. Sadauskis J. : Ionization in argon and in air by single α-particles as a function of their energy. Phys. Rev. 77 (1950), 782.

Kulenkampff H. : The continuous X-ray spectrum. Ann. Phys. 69 (1922), 548.

Laughlin J. S. : Private Communication, 1953.

Laughlin J. S. Beattie J. W. Henderson W. J. Harvey R. A. : Calorimetric evaluation of the roentgen for 400 kV and 22.5 MeV roentgen rays. Am. J. Roentgenol. 70 (1953), 294.

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Livingston M. S. Bethe H. A. : Nuclear Physics Part III, Nuclear Dynamics, experimental. Rev. Mod. Phys. 9 (1937), 285.

Madsen R. S. : Ionization measurements on single recoil particles of polonium, ThC and ThC’. K. Danske Vidensk. Selsk. Mat.-Fys. Medd. 23, No. 8 (1945).

Meyer S. : Relation between velocity range and ionizing power of α-particles. S.B. Akad. Wiss. Wien 144 IIa (1935), 317.

Naidu A. : α-particle ionization curves. Ann. Chim. (Phys). 1 (1934), 72.

Perry W. E. : Recent developments and techniques on the maintenance of standards. H.M.S.O. London (1952), 45.

Pigge H. : Ionizing action of slow cathode-rays. Ann. Phys. 20 (1934), 233.

Schiff L. I. : Energy-angle distribution of thin target bremsstrahlung. Phys. Rev. 83 (1951), 252.

Schmitz W. : Ionization of air by electrons. Physikal Z. 29 (1928), 846.

Thomson J. : The ionizing efficiency of electron impacts in air. P.R.S. Edin. 51 (1931), 127.

Tunnicliffe P. R. Ward A. G. : The relative ionization produced by low energy protons, deuterons and α-particles in various gases. Proc. Phys. Soc. A65 (4) (1952), 233.

Valentine J. M. : Energy per ion pair for electrons and gases and gas mixtures. P.R.S. A211 (1952), 75.

Wertenstein L. : Experimental researches on radioactive recoil (Thesis, Paris).

The organisations involved are the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Harwell; the National Physical Laboratory; the Radiotherapeutic Research Unit of the Medical Research Council; and the Royal Cancer Hospital.