Effect of threshold on the correlation between airflow obstruction and low attenuation volume in smokers assessed by inspiratory and expiratory MDCT

Abstract

Background

The estimation of emphysematous changes is very sensitive to computed tomography (CT) threshold level. In clinical practice, the predetermined threshold is usually set at −950 Hounsfield units (HU) for the detection of low attenuation volume (LAV). However, threshold levels that are tightly connected to pulmonary function abnormalities have not been determined.

Purpose

To determine the threshold level for calculating an LAV that closely reflects airflow limitation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Material and Methods

Seventy-six consecutive non-COPD smokers and COPD patients underwent paired inspiratory and expiratory multidetector CT (MDCT). LAV% was segmented every 10 HU between −1000 and −750 HU to examine the correlation between LAV% and indexes of obstructive impairment.

Results

LAV% gradually increased as the threshold level increased on both inspiratory and expiratory images. LAV% on inspiratory images was higher than that on expiratory images at all threshold levels between −1000 and −750 HU. The threshold level that correlated with obstructive impairment differed between the two images: −930 HU on inspiratory and −870 or −880 HU on expiratory images.

Conclusion

LAV% dramatically changed according to the threshold level on both inspiratory and expiratory images, indicating that LAV% is dependent on the attenuation threshold level in patients with COPD. The threshold linking LAV% to airflow limitation was higher on expiratory than on inspiratory images.

Keywords

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease multidetector computed tomography low attenuation volume threshold

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