This paper synthesizes the research record regarding urban relocation after earthquakes. Three alternative relocation responses after earthquakes are identified, the range of factors that have been documented to influence them are presented, and identified human impacts of relocation after earthquakes are discussed. The conclusion is drawn that predisaster planning for rebuilding cities after earthquakes is central to enhancing risk reduction effectivenss.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
AlexanderDavid. 1986. Disaster Preparedness and the 1984 Earthquakes in Central Italy.Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
2.
ArnoldChristopher. 1993. Reconstruction after Earthquakes: Issues, Urban Design, and Case Studies. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. San Mateo, CA: Building Systems Development, Inc.
3.
AysanYasemin, and OliverPaul. 1987. Housing and Culture after Earthquakes.Oxford, England: Oxford Polytechnic.
4.
BatesFrederick L., and KillianCharles D.. 1982. “Changes in Housing in Guatemala Following the 1976 Earthquake: With Special Reference to Earthen Structures and How They Are Perceived by Disaster Victims.” Disasters6(2): 92–100.
5.
BolinRobert. 1982. Long-Term Family Recovery from Disaster.Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
6.
BolinRobert. 1993. Household and Community Recovery after Earthquakes.Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
7.
BolinRobert, and BoltonP.. 1986. Race, Religion, and Ethnicity in Disaster Recovery.Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
8.
BurkhardtJ., and ShafferM.. 1972. “Social And Psychological Impacts of Transportation Improvements.” Transportation1(2): 207–226.
9.
ColonyD.1972. “Study of the Impacts on Households of Relocation from a Highway Right-of-Way.” Highway Research Record399: 12–26.
10.
DurkinMichael. 1987. The Emotional Impact of Postdisaster Relocation.Boulder, CO: Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
11.
FinsterbuschK.1980. Understanding Social Impacts: Assessing the Effects of Public Projects.Beverly Hills, CA: Sage Publications.
12.
FriedM.1963. “Grieving for a Lost Home.” Pp. 81–99 in The Urban Condition, edited by DuhlL. J.. New York: Simon and Schuster.
13.
GeipelRobert. 1982. Disaster and Reconstruction.London: George Allen and Unwin.
14.
GeipelRobert. 1991. Long-Term Consequences of Disasters.New York: Springer-Verlag.
15.
HaasJ. Eugene, KatesRobert, and BowdenMartin J.. 1977. Reconstruction Following Disaster.Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press.
16.
HandmerJohn W.1985. Local Reaction to Acquisition: An Australian Study.Boulder, CO: University of Colorado, Natural Hazards Research and Applications Information Center.
17.
HartmanC.1964. “The Housing of Relocated Families.” Journal of the American Institution of Planners30(4): 266–82.
18.
HouseP.1970. “Relocation of Families Displaced by Expressway Development: Milwaukee Case Study.” Land Economics46(1): 75–78.
19.
LindellMichael, and PerryRonald W.. 1992. Behavioral Foundations of Community Emergency Planning.Washington, D.C.: Hemisphere Publishers.
20.
MaderGeorge, SpangleWilliam, and BlairMartha. 1980. Land Use Planning after Earthquakes. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. Portola Valley, CA: William Spangle and Associates, Inc.
21.
MiletiDennis S.1989. “Social Impact and Emergency Response.” Pp. 150–160 in Earthquake Spectra, edited by WyllieLoring A.Los Angeles, CA: Earthquake Engineering Research Institute.
22.
MoserDavid. 1985. Assessment of the Economic Benefits from Flood Damage Mitigation by Relocation and Evacuation.Ft. Bel voir, VA: U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Institute for Water Resources.
23.
Oliver-SmithAnthony. 1982. “Here There is Life: The Social and Cultural Dynamics of Successful Resistance to Resettlement in Postdisaster Peru.” Pp. 85–103 in Involuntary Migration and Resettlement: The Problems and Responses of Dislocated People, edited by HansenA., and Oliver-SmithA.Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
24.
Oliver-SmithAnthony. 1990. “Postdisaster Housing Reconstruction and Social Inequality: A Challenge to Policy and Practice.” Disasters14(1): 7–19.
25.
PantelicJ.1991. “The Link Between Reconstruction and Development.” Pp. 90–96 in Managing Natural Disasters and the Environment, edited by KreimerA., MunsingheM.. Washington, D.C.: The World Bank.
26.
PeacockW., and KillianC, and BatesF.. 1987. “The Effects of Disaster Damage and Household Aid on Household Recovery Following the 1976 Guatemalan Earthquake.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters5(1): 68–88.
27.
PerfaterM., and AllenG.. 1976. Relocation Due to Highway Takings: A Diachronic Analysis of Social and Economic Effects.Richmond, VA: Highway and Transportation Research Council.
28.
RoheWilliam M., and MouwScott. 1991. “The Politics of Relocation: The Moving of the Crest Street Community.” Journal of the American Planning Association57(1): 57–68.
29.
RubinClaire. 1985. “The Community Recovery Process in the United States after a Major Natural Disaster.” International Journal of Mass Emergencies and Disasters3(2): 9–28.
30.
SpangleWilliam, MeehanRichard, DegenkolbHenry, and BlairMartha. 1985. pre-earthquake Planning for Postearthquake Rebuilding. Final Report to the National Science Foundation. Portola Valley, CA: William Spangle and Associates, Inc.
31.
WaltersK. J.1978. “The Reconstruction of Darwin after Cyclone Tracy.” Disasters2(1): 59–68.
