Hazard Mitigation: Safety Rooms and Shelters

ASCE 2010. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures, ASCE/SEI 7–10. Reston VA: American Society of Civil Engineers.

Ewing B. , and Kruse J. 2006. “Valuing Self-Protection: Income and Certification Effects for Safe Rooms.” Construction Management and Economics 24: 1057–1068.

FEMA 1998. Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room Inside Your House, FEMA 320. Washington DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

FEMA 2000. Design and Construction Guidance for Community Shelters, FEMA 361. Washington DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency.

FEMA 2008a. Design and Construction Guidance for Community Safe Rooms, FEMA 361, 2nd Ed. Washington DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1657.

FEMA 2008b. Taking Shelter From the Storm: Building a Safe Room For Your Home or Small Business, FEMA 320, 3rd Ed. Washington DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1536.

FEMA 2009. Tornado Protection: Selecting Refuge Areas in Buildings, FEMA P-431, 2nd Ed. Washington DC: Federal Emergency Management Agency. http://www.fema.gov/library/viewRecord.do?id=1563.

Haan F. , Balaramudu V. , and Sarkar P. 2010. “Tornado-Induced Wind Loads on a Low-Rise Building.” Journal of Structural Engineering 136: 106–116.

ICC/NSSA 2008. Standard on the Design and Construction of Storm Shelters. ICC-500. International Code Council and National Storm Shelter Association.

Kiesling E. , and Goolsby D. 1974. “In-Home Shelters from Extreme Winds.” Civil Engineering 44(9), 105–107.

Kiesling E. , Levitan M. , and Vega R. 2009. Introducing the ICC/NSSA Standard for Design and Construction of Storm Shelters, Proceedings, 11th Americas Conference on Wind Engineering. June. San Juan, Puerto Rico. Fort Collins CO: American Association for Wind Engineering.

Mehta K.C. , Minor J.E. , and McDonald J.R. 1976. “Wind Speed Analyses of April 3–4 Tornadoes.” Journal of the Structural Division 102(9), 1709–1724.

Markle D , Neal L. , and Reinhold T. undated. In-Home Protection Against High Winds: Decision Guide. Portland OR: Blue Sky Foundation of North Carolina. http://www.bluesky-foundation.net/studyguides/DecisionGuide_v5.6.pdf

Markle D , Neal L. , and Reinhold T. 2003. In-Home Protection Against High Winds: Building Guide For Builders And Do-it-Yourself Homeowners. Portland OR: Blue Sky Foundation of North Carolina. http://www.bluesky-foundation.net/studyguides/Building_Guide.pdf

WiSE 2012. In-Residence Shelters. Lubbock TX: Texas Tech University Wind Science and Engineering Research Center. http://www.depts.ttu.edu/weweb/Shelters/InResShelter.php.