This paper studies the effects of three methods of kinematic redun dancy resolution on teleoperation performance with a redundant slave robot in telemanipulation. First, we derive three kinematic redundancy control modes expressing different trade-offs between kinetic energy, joint usage, and joint-limit avoiding. To validate our algorithms, we perform simulations, autonomous robot tests, and teleoperation experiments. The trade-off between kinetic en ergy and joint-limit index is clearly shown in the autonomous test. For teleoperation, four tasks and seven indices are defined. A three-degrees-of freedom (DOF), pen-based master and a 5-DOF, mini-direct-drive robot are used with position-to-position control in Cartesian space. Tasks are x-, y-, and z-positioning and contact- force control giving 2-DOFkinematic redundancy in the slave robot. Overall, the inertia-weighted pseudo-inverse, proposed by Whitney in 1969, shows best performance, while the least-square mode (us ing no inertial information) shows the worst performance.
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