We investigated the differences in internalized shame and fantasy proneness between a group of athletes (n = 99) and a group of dancers (n = 140). We wanted to examine Schoenleber and Berenbaum's model that fantasy is a maladaptive preventive coping strategy for internalized shame. The multivariate analysis of covariance (gender as covariate) analyses indicated that (a) dancers had higher internalized shame and fantasy proneness when compared with athletes and (b) dancers' higher levels of fantasy proneness did not effectively reduce their internalized shame. We recommend that mental health workers who work with dancers and athletes include approaches that encompass shame regulation and that higher fantasy proneness is potentially associated with higher shame.
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