This article examines how marketing thought and practice from 1900 to 1929 were affected by the ideas and language of engineering. Content-analysis data revealed a significant use of engineering metaphors in both marketing texts and advertisements of the period, suggesting a strong connection between the prevalent societal valuation of engineering activities and the evolution of marketing activities.
Get full access to this article
View all access options for this article.
References
1.
Adams, Henry (1974). The Education of Henry Adams. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin. Originally published in 1918.
2.
Armytage, W. H.G. (1965). The Rise of the Technocrats. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul.
3.
Armytage, W. H.G. (1975). A Social History of Engineering. 4th ed.Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
4.
Barger, Harold (1955). Distribution's Place in the American Economy since 1869. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press.
5.
Bartels, Robert (1988). The History of Marketing Thought. 3d ed.Columbus, OH: Publishing Horizons.
6.
Bellamy, Edward (1982). Looking Backward, 2000-1887. Reprint edition, with introduction by Cecelia Tichi. New York: Penguin. Originally published in 1888.
7.
Breyer, Ralph F. (1978). The Marketing Institution. Reprint edition. New York: Arno Press. Originally published in 1934.
8.
Butler, Ralph S. (1917). Marketing Methods. New York: Alexander Hamilton Institute.
9.
Butler, Ralph S. , and John B. Sweeney (1918). Marketing and Merchandising. New York: Alexander Hamilton Institute.
10.
Cherington, Paul T. (1919). Advertising as a Business Force: A Compilation of Experience Records. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, Page. and Company.
11.
Child, Georgie B. (1925). The Efficient Kitchen. Rev. ed.New York: R. M. McBride.
12.
Clark, Fred E. (1978). Principles of Marketing. Reprnt edition. New York: Arno Press. Originally published in 1922.
13.
Cochran, Thomas C. (1977). 200 Years of American Business. New York: Basic Books.
14.
Colvin, Fred H. (1947). 60 Years with Men and Machines: An Autobiography. New York: McGraw-Hill.
15.
Condit, Carl W. (1960). American Building Art: The Nineteenth Century. New York: Oxford University Press.
16.
Condit, Carl W. (1961). American Building Art: The Twentieth Century. New York: Oxford University Press.
17.
Converse, Paul D. (1927). Selling Policies. New York: Prentice-Hall.
18.
Converse, Paul D. (1928). Marketing Methods and Policies. New York: Prentice-Hall.
19.
Converse, Paul D. (1945). "The Development of the Science of Marketing—An Exploratory Survey."Journal of Marketing, 10 (July): 14-23.
20.
Converse, Paul D. (1959). Fifty Years of Marketing in Retrospect. Austin: Bureau of Business Research, University of Texas.
21.
Coolsen, Frank G. (1960). Marketing Thought in the United States in the Late Nineteenth Century. Lubbock: Texas Tech Press.
22.
Copeland, Melvin T. (1923). "Relation of Consumers' Buying Habits to Marketing Methods."Harvard Business Review, 1 (April): 282-289.
23.
Copeland, Melvin T. (1978). Principles of Merchandising. Reprint edition. New York: Arno Press. Originally published in 1927.
24.
Copley, Frank B. (1969). Frederick Winslow Taylor, Father of Scientific Management. Vols. 1 and 2. New York: Augustus M. Kelley. Originally published in 1923.
25.
Cruikshank, Jeffrey L. (1987). A Delicate Experiment: The Harvard Business School 1908-1945. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Business School Press.
26.
Dixon, Donald F. (1990). "Marketing at Production: The Development of a Concept."Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 18 (Fall): 337-343.
27.
Dorfman, Joseph (1934). Thorstein Veblen and His America. New York: Viking Press.
28.
Finch, James Kip (1960). The Story of Engineering. Garden City, NY: Doubleday.
29.
Florman, Edward (1976). The Existential Pleasures of Engineering. New York: St. Martin's Press.
30.
Friedel, Robert (1986). "Engineering in the Twentieth Century."Technology and Culture, 27 (October): 669-673.
31.
Gross, Barbara L. , and Jagdish N. Sheth (1989). "Time Oriented Advertising: A Content Analysis of United States Magazine Advertising, 1890-1988."Journal of Marketing, 53 (October): 76-83.
32.
Hagerty, James (1913). Mercantile Credit. New York: Henry Holt.
33.
Hays, Samuel P. (1957). The Response to Industrialism: 1885-1914. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
34.
Jones, D. G. Brian , and David D. Monieson (1990). "Early Development of the Philosophy of Marketing Thought."Journal of Marketing, 54 (January): 102-113.
Kern, Stephen (1983). The Culture of Time and Space, 1880-1918. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
37.
Kiernan, Thomas (1985). The Road to Colossus: A Celebration of American Ingenuity. New York: William Morrow.
38.
Layton, Edwin T. (1962). "Veblen and the Engineers."American Quarterly, 14 (Spring): 64-72.
39.
Lurito, Pamela (1985). "The Early History of Advertising and Popular Ideas of Technology."Proceedings of the Second Annual History of Marketing Conference. East Lansing: Michigan State University, pp. 30-42.
40.
Macklin, Theodore (1921). Efficient Marketing for Agriculture: Its Services, Methods, and Agencies. New York: Macmillan.
41.
Maclaurin, Richard C. (1911). The Mechanic Arts. Vol. 1. Boston: Hall and Locke.
42.
Marchand, Roland (1985). Advertising the American Dream: Making Way for Modernity, 1920-1940. Berkeley: University of California Press.
43.
Marling, Karal Ann (1988). George Washington Slept Here: Colonial Revivals and American Culture, 1876-1986. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
44.
Maynard, H. H. , W. C. Weidler, and T. N. Beckman (1927). Principles of Marketing. 3d ed.New York: Ronald Press.
45.
Nevett, Terence , and Lisa Nevett (1987). "The Origins of Marketing: Evidence from Classical and Early Hellenistic Greece (500-300 B.C.)." In Marketing in Three Eras, edited by T. Nevett and S. Hollander. East Lansing: Department of Marketing and Transportation, Michigan State University, pp. 102-117.
46.
Norris, James D. (1990). Advertising and the Transformation of American Society 1865-1920. New York: Greenwood Press.
47.
Nystrom, Paul H. (1914). Retail Selling and Store Management. New York: D. Appleton.
48.
Nystrom, Paul H. (1915). Economics of Retailing. New York: Ronald Press.
49.
O'Dea, William T. (1961). The Meaning of Engineering. London: Museum Press.
50.
Polanyi, Karl (1944). The Great Transformation. New York: Rinehart and Company.
51.
Pollay, Richard W. (1985). "The Subsiding Sizzle: A Descriptive History of Print Advertising, 1900-1980."Journal of Marketing, 49 (Summer): 24-37.
52.
Presbrey, Frank (1968). The History and Development of Advertising. New York: Greenwood Press. Originally published in 1929.
53.
Randall Jr., John H. (1929). Our Changing Civilization: How Science and the Machine Are Reconstructing Modern Life. New York: Frederick Stokes.
54.
Redfield, William C. (1912). "The Moral Value of Scientific Management."Atlantic, 110 (August): 411-417.
55.
Shaw, Arch (1912). "Some Problems in Market Distribution."Quarterly Journal of Economics, 26 (August): 706-765.
56.
Shaw, Arch (1920). An Approach to Business Problems. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
57.
Sheth, Jagdish N. , David M. Gardner, and Dennis E. Garrett (1988). Marketing Theory: Evolution and Evaluation. New York: John Wiley and Sons.
58.
Sinclair, Upton (1911). "The Principles of Scientific Management: A Critique by Upton Sinclair and an Answer by Frederick W. Taylor."The American Magazine, 2 (June): 243-245.
59.
Taylor, Frederick W. (1967). The Principles of Scientific Management. Reprint edition. New York: W.W. Norton. Originally published in 1911.
60.
Tichi, Cecelia (1982). "Introduction." In Looking Backward, 2000-1887, by Edward Bellamy. Reprint edition. New York: Penguin.
61.
Tichi, Cecelia (1987). Shifting Gears: Technology, Literature, Culture in Modernist America. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
62.
Veblen, Thorstein (1919). "The Place of Science in Modern Civilization." In The Place of Science in Modern Civilisation and Other Essays. New York: Huebsch, pp. 1-31.
63.
Weld, L. D.H. (1916). The Marketing of Farm Products. New York: Macmillan.
64.
White, Percival (1978). Scientific Marketing Management: Its Principles and Methods. Reprint edition. New York: Arno Press. Originally published in 1927.
65.
Wiebe, Robert H. (1967). The Search for Order, 1877-1920. New York: Hill and Wang.
66.
Williams, William Carlos (1944). The Wedge. Cummington, MA: Cummington Press.
67.
Wright, John S. , and Parks B. Dimsdale (1974). Pioneers in Marketing. Atlanta: Publishing Services Division, School of Business Administration, Georgia State University.
