During the 1990s, greater effort will be devoted to state implementation of federal environmental policies. At the present time, however, we still do not know a great deal about the conditions that promote or inhibit state environmental management. The following study assesses the influence of four categories of factors on state air-quality enforcement in the 1980s. It suggests that federal enforcement (though declining in influence relative to other factors) was the single most important factor shaping states' air-quality enforcement in the 1980s. What this means is that it may be important to continue the tradition of an active federal regulatory role to maintain the political viability of state environmental management agencies in the 1990s.
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