1 This is a revised version of a paper presented at the 1981 National Conference of the American Society for Public Administration, Detroit, Michigan, April 12-15.
2.
2 Frederick Mosher, Democracy and the Public Service (New York: Oxford University Press, 1968).
3.
Robert E. Cleary
, "The Professional as Public Servant: The Decision-Making Dilemma,"International Journal of Public Administration2 (1980): 151-160.
4.
Donald P. Warwick
, A Theory of Public Bureaucracy (Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1976).
5.
5 D. J. Hickson and M. W. Thomas, "Professionalization in Britain: A Preliminary Measurement,"Sociology3 (June 1969): 38-53.
6.
6 Alan C. Filley, Robert J. House, and Steven Kerr, Managerial Process and Organizational Behavior (Glenview, III.: Scott, Foresman, 1976).
7.
7 Richard H. Hall, Organizations: Structure and Process (Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, 1981), p. 107.
8.
8Ibid., p. 109.
9.
9 Magali S. Larson, The Rise of Professionalism (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1977), pp. 178-207.
10.
Richard L. Schott
, "The Professions in Government: Engineering as a Case in Point,"Public Administration Review38 (March/April 1978): 126-132.
11.
11 Kathryn M. Bartol, "Professionalism as a Predictor of Organizational Commitment, Role Stress, and Turnover: A Multidimensional Approach,"Academy of Management Journal22 (December 1979): 815-821.
12.
12 Mosher, Democracy and the Public Service, pp. 106ff.
13.
see also Mosher, Democracy and the Public Service, p. 109.
14.
14 See Chester A. Newland, Professional Public Executives (Washington, D.C.: American Society for Public Administration, 1980).
15.
15 Newland, Professional Public Executives, and Mosher, Democracy and the Public Service.
16.
16 Kenneth J. Meier, Politics and the Bureaucracy (North Scituate, Mass.: Duxbury Press, 1979), 169.
17.
17Ibid., p. 171.
18.
18Ibid., pp. 169-170.
19.
19 See, for example, William G. Lewis, "Letter to Patrick Brannigan,"Review/SWAP: Newsletter of the ASPA Section on Personnel Administration and Labor Relations, 238 West Delaware Ave., Pennington, N.J., vol. 3, no. 3(1981), p. 1.
20.
20 Wamsley and Zald, The Political Economy of Public Organizations, p. 10.
21.
21 Robert W. Backoff, "Power Configurations, Political Processes, and Strategic Management in Local Government Agencies," a paper presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the American Institute of Decision Sciences, Las Vegas, Nevada, 1980.
22.
22 Bruce Buchanan and Jeff Millstone, "Public Organizations: A Value Conflict View,"International Journal of Public Administration2 (1980): 151-160.
23.
Meyer
, Change in Public Bureaucracies.
24.
24 Warwick, A Theory of Public Bureaucracy.
25.
25Ibid., p. 164.
26.
Robert T. Golembiewski
, "Organization Development in Public Agencies: Perspectives on Theory and Practice,"Public Administration Review29 (July/August 1969): 367-368.
27.
and in Allen H. Barton, "A Diagnosis of Bureaucratic Maladies," in Carol Weiss and Allen H. Barton (eds.), Making Bureaucracies Work (Beverly Hills: Sage Publications, 1980).
28.
28 Meyer, Change in Public Bureaucracies, pp. 185ff.
29.
29 Barton, "A Diagnosis of Bureaucratic Maladies": 30-31.
30.
30 Cleary, "The Professional as Public Servant."
31.
31 Neuse, "Diversity in the Public Service."
32.
32 John A. Rohr, "Ethics for the Senior Executive Service,"Administration and Society12 (August 1980): 203-216.
33.
33 Bruce Buchanan, "Government Managers, Business Executives, and Organizational Commitment,"Public Administration Review34 (July/August 1974): 339-347.
34.
34 Clarence N. Stone and Robert P. Stokes, "Employee Alienation in Client-Serving Bureaucracies: Impact and Implications," a paper presented at the 12th Annual Meeting of the Northeastern Political Science Association, New Haven, Connecticut, Nov. 20-22, 1980.
35.
35 Neuse, "Diversity in the Public Service."
36.
36 U.S. Office of Personnel Management, Federal Employee Attitudes (Washington, D.C.: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1979).
37.
37 Stephen Michelson, "The Working Bureaucrat and the Nonworking Bureaucracy," in Carol Weiss and Allen H. Barton (eds.), Making Bureaucracies Work.
38.
38 Gary Chemiss, Professional Burnout in Human Service Organizations (New York: Praeger, 1980).
39.
39Ibid., pp. 100-103.
40.
40 Larson, The Rise of Professionalism, pp. 178-207.
41.
41 Barton, "A Diagnosis of Bureaucratic Maladies."
42.
42 Bartol, "Professionalism as a Predictor of Organizational Commitment....
