1 Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451 (1972).
2.
2Ibid., p. 19.
3.
3 C. West Churchman, Challenge to Reason (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1968), argues strongly that only through strong postulation of organization goals as ideals against which to measure achievement can social progress be assured.
4.
4 For an explanation of the traditional budget allocation process, see Aaron Wildavsky, The Politics of the Budgetary Process (Boston: Little, Brown, 1964).
5.
5 The work of Talcott Parsons, Structure and Processes in Modern Societies (New York: The Free Press, 1960), is characteristic of the program logic or functional approach.
6.
6 Useful examples of the sorts of program logic questions that might be asked can be found in John B. Noble, John T. Epting, Michael C. Blumm and Joel G. Blumstein, "Evaluating State Coastal Plans: Questions to Ask,"Coastal Zone '78 (New York: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1978), p. 101.
7.
7 As of January 1980, 19 of the 30 coastal states have approved management programs.
8.
8 In order to determine permissible uses, the Act's guidelines suggest that states inventory coastal resources and assess the environmental, economic and social impacts of various uses. The knowledge of these impacts can then be utilized to determine uses compatible with resource capabilities.
9.
9 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, "State Coastal Management Programs—Development and Approval,"Federal Register (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1978), p. 8408.
10.
10 Ibid., p. 8403.
11.
11 During the first half of the twentieth century, the state legislature passed over 30 laws opening state-owned lands to both public and private interests to stimulate economic development. Since the late 1950s, the legislature has taken action to protect and provide access to resources. Such legislative action included, for example, passage of the Open Beaches Act of 1959 (Sec. 61.011, 1958), the Dune Protection Act of 1973 (Sec. 126. 30.03, 1973) and the Texas Disaster Act of 1975 (Sec. 12, 1975).
12.
12 General Land Office, Texas Coastal Program—Revised Hearing Draft (Austin, Texas: 1978), p. 22.
13.
13 Ibid., p. 28.
14.
14 Mike Hightower, Director. Personal Communication (General Land Office, Environmental Management Program), June 1980.
15.
15 Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451 (1972).
16.
16 Mike Hightower, Director. Personal Communication (General Land Office, Environmental Management Program), June 1980.
17.
17 Concurrent with the above step, federal agencies were requested to issue formal statements accepting the "activity assessment routine" for use in preparation of formal environmental reports by applicants for federal permits.
18.
18 Kent Butler, Assistant Professor. Personal Communication (Department of Community Planning, University of Texas), November 1980.
19.
19 Susan Andrews, State Coastal Planner. Personal Communication (Texas Energy and Natural Resources Advisory Council), May 1981.
20.
20 Stephen H. Spurr, Texas Coastal Zone Issues (Austin, Texas: LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, 1980), p. 20.
21.
21 Stephen H. Spurr, Research Associate. Personal Communication (LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas), April 1981.
22.
22 As of mid-1980, a memorandum between state agencies that have jurisdiction over private wetlands has been adopted by the legislature. The Texas program envsions developing a "memorandum of understanding" for all state agencies that oversee conservation and development of the shoreline resources by late 1981.
23.
23 In addition to the adoption of the four categories of use permissibility policies, the state legislature adopted uses of regional benefit policies in 1979. As with use permissibility policies, the legislature made use of regional benefit policies binding upon state agencies to the extent consistent with the existing authority of these agencies. Should local governments propose actions that adversely affect uses of regional benefit, state agencies have the authority to overrule local decisions [15: V-12].
25 Office of Coastal Zone Management, "Memoranda-Review of Texas Program" (Washington, D.C.: 1981).
26.
26 Texas Energy and Natural Resources Council, Texas Coastal Program—Revised Hearing Draft (Austin, Texas: 1980), pp. iii-34.
27.
27 Stephen H. Spurr, Texas Coastal Zone Issues (Austin, Texas: LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas, 1980), p. 19.
28.
28 General Land Office, The Texas Coastal Economy (Austin, Texas: 1975).
29.
29 A large portion of the Texas shoreline is excluded from the Texas management program and subject to federal jurisdiction. These areas include, for example, Padre Island National Seashore and Aransas National Wildlife Refuge. The Texas program considers recognition of these areas as important areas of particular concern.
30.
30 Texas Energy and Natural Resources Council, Texas Coastal Program—Revised Hearing Draft (Austin, Texas: 1980).
31.
31 Coastal Zone Management Act, 16 U.S.C. 1451 (1971).
32.
33.
33 Stephen H. Spurr, Research Associate. Personal Communication (LBJ School of Public Affairs, University of Texas), October 1981.
