We examine the extent to which public corruption influences the tax structure of American states. After controlling for other tax structure influences, we find that states with greater measured public corruption have more complex tax systems, have higher tax burdens, rely more heavily on regressive indirect taxes, and have smaller shares of their tax burdens with initial impact on business. These are significant structural impacts on the tax systems.
AizenmanJ.JinjarakY. (2008). The collection efficiency of the value-added tax. The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, 17, 391-410.
2.
AkdedeS. H. (2006). Corruption and tax evasion. Dogus University Journal, 7, 141-149.
3.
AllinghamM. G.SandmoA. (1976). Income tax evasion: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Public Economics, 1, 323-338.
4.
AlmJ.BahlR.MurrayM. N. (1991). Tax base erosion in developing countries. Economic Development and Cultural Changes, 39, 849-872.
5.
AlmJ.BlackwellC.McKeeM. (2004). Audit selection and firm compliance with a broad-based sales tax. National Tax Journal, 57, 209-227.
6.
AlmJ.Martinez-VazquezJ.McClellanC. (2016). Corruption and firm tax evasion. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 124, 146-163.
7.
AlmJ.TorglerB. (2006). Culture differences and tax morale in the United States and in Europe. Journal of Economic Psychology, 27, 224-246.
8.
AltJ. E.LassenD. D. (2014). Enforcement and public corruption: Evidence from the American states. Journal of Law, Economics, & Organization, 30, 306-338.
9.
AmielL.DellerS.StallmanJ. (2009). The construction of a tax and expenditure limitation index for the US (Staff Paper No. 536). Madison: Department of Agricultural and Applied Economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison.
10.
ArchambeaultW. G.ElmoreA. (1983). Federal prosecution of public officials. American Journal of Police, 3, 17-36.
11.
BayoumiT.GoldsteinM.WoglomG. (1995). Do credit markets discipline sovereign borrowers? Evidence from U.S. states. Journal of Money, Credit and Banking, 4, 1046-1059.
12.
BelitskiM.ChowdhuryF.DesaiS. (2016). Taxes, corruption, and entry. Small Business Economics, 47, 201-2016.
13.
BerryW. D.LoweryD. (1987). Understanding United States government growth: An empirical analysis of the postwar era. New York, NY: Praeger.
14.
BesleyT.McLarenJ. (1993). Taxes and bribery: The role of wage incentives. The Economic Journal, 103, 119-141.
15.
BuchananJ. M. (1967). Public finance in democratic process: Fiscal institutions and individual choice. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
16.
ButlerA. W.FauverL.MortalS. (2009). Corruption, municipal connections, and municipal finance. Review of Financial Studies, 22, 2873-2905.
17.
ChandS. K.MoeneK. O. (1999). Controlling fiscal corruption. World Development, 27, 1129-1140.
18.
ChanderP.WildeL. (1992). Corruption in tax administration. Journal of Public Economics, 49, 333-349.
19.
ChapmanJ.GorinaE. (2012). Effects of the form of government and property tax limits on local finance in the context of revenue and expenditure simultaneity. Public Budgeting & Finance, 32, 19-45.
20.
CobhamA. (2005). Tax evasion, tax avoidance, and development finance (Queen Elisabeth House Working Paper No. 129). Oxford, U.K.: University of Oxford.
21.
CordisA. S.MilyoJ. (2016). Measuring public corruption in the United States: Evidence from administrative records of federal prosecutions. Public Integrity, 18, 127-148.
22.
CraigE. D.HeinsJ. A. (1980). The effect of tax elasticity on government spending. Public Choice, 35, 267-275.
23.
CrockerK. J.SlemrodJ. (2005). Corporate tax evasion with agency costs. Journal of Public Economics, 89, 1593-1610.
24.
DecosterA.LoughreyJ.O’DonoghueC.VerwerftD. (2010). How regressive are indirect taxes? A microsimulation analysis for five European countries. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management, 29, 326-350.
25.
Dell’AnnoR.DolleryB. E. (2014). Comparative fiscal illusion: A fiscal illusion index for the European Union. Empirical Economics, 46, 937-960.
26.
DepkenC. A.IILaFountainC. L. (2006). Fiscal consequences of public corruption: Empirical evidence from state bond ratings. Public Choice, 126, 75-85.
27.
DOJ. (2002). Report to Congress on the Activities of Operations of the Public Integrity Section. Washington D.C.: U.S. Department of Justice.
28.
FjeldstadO. H.TungoddenB. (2003). Fiscal corruption: A vice or a virtue?World Development, 31, 1459-1467.
29.
FriedmanE.JohnsonS.KaufmanD.Zoido-LobatonP. (2000). Dodging the grabbing hand: The determinants of unofficial activity in 69 countries. Journal of Public Economics, 76, 459-493.
30.
GadeM. N.AdkinsL. C. (1990). Tax exporting and state revenue structures. National Tax Journal, 43, 39-53.
31.
GarandJ. C. (1988). Explaining government growth in the U.S. states. American Political Science Review, 82, 837-849.
32.
GhuraD. (1998, September). Tax revenue in sub-Saharan Africa: Effects of economic policies and corruption (IMF Working Paper, WP/98/135). Washington DC: International Monetary Fund.
33.
GiertzJ. F.GiertzS. H. (2004). The 2002 downturn in state revenues: A comparative review and analysis. National Tax Journal, 57, 111-132.
34.
GlaeserE. L.SaksR. (2006). Corruption in America. Journal of Public Economics, 90, 1053-1072.
35.
GoelR. K.NelsonM. A. (2011). Measures of corruption and determinants of US corruption. Economics of Governance, 12, 155-176.
36.
GoerkeL. (2008). Bureaucratic corruption and profit tax evasion. Economics of Governance, 9, 177-196.
37.
GoerkeL.RunkelM. (2006). Profit tax evasion under oligopoly with endogenous market structure. National Tax Journal, 59, 851-857.
38.
GrimesM.WängnerudL. (2010). Curbing corruption through social welfare reform? The effects of Mexico’s conditional cash transfer program on good government. American Review of Public Administration, 40, 671-690.
39.
GuptaS. A. (2007). Determinants of tax revenue efforts in developing countries (IMF Working Paper No. 07/184). Washington, DC: The International Monetary Fund.
40.
HindriksJ.KeenM.MuthooA. (1999). Corruption, extortion and evasion. Journal of Public Economics, 74, 395-430.
41.
HoY. C. (2003). The Effects of legislative structure and political parties in the state: Evidence from state fiscal policy and unemployment insurance (Doctoral dissertation). University of Houston, TX.
42.
Internal Revenue Service & U.S. Department of the Treasury. (2006, February22). Updated estimates of the FY 2001 individual income tax underreporting gap (Overview). Washington, DC: Office of Research, Analysis, and Statistics.
43.
IvanynaM.MoumourasA.RangazasP. (2016). The culture of corruption, tax evasion, and economic growth. Economic Inquiry, 54, 520-542.
44.
JohnsonS.KaufmannD.Zoido-LobatonP. (1999). Corruption, public finances, and the unofficial economy (World Bank Policy Research Working Paper No. 2169). Washington DC: World Bank.
45.
JoyceP. G.MullinsD. R. (1991). The changing fiscal structure of the state and local public. Public Administration Review, 51, 240-253.
LiuC. (2017). Public corruption: Causes, consequences, and cures. In KlassenT. R.CepikuD. C.LahT. J. (Eds.), The Routledge handbook of global public policy and administration (pp. 108-119). London, England: Routledge.
48.
LiuC.MikesellJ. L. (2014). The impact of public officials’ corruption on the size and allocation of U.S. state spending. Public Administration Review, 74, 346-359.
49.
LiuC.MoldogazievT. T.MikesellJ. L. (2017). Corruption and state and local government debt expansion. Public Administration Review, 77, 681-690.
50.
LongR. B. (1973, July). Congress tackles the income tax. The Money Magazine. p. 55.
51.
MaassA. (1987). US prosecution of state and local officials for political corruption: Is the bureaucracy out of control in a high-stakes operation involving the constitutional systems?Publius: The Journal of Federalism, 17, 195-230.
52.
MahdaviS. (2013). State government tax revenue, tax revenue composition and tax effort index: An assessment of the 1978-97 period (Working Paper Series WP#0036ECO-09002013). San Antonio, Texas: College of Business, The University of Texas at San Antonio.
53.
MaherC. S.DellerS. D.StallmannJ. I.ParkS. H. (2016). The impact of tax and expenditure limits on municipal credit ratings. The American Review of Public Administration, 46, 592-613.
54.
McCullochJ. R. (1845). A treatise on the principles and practical influence of taxation and the funding system. London, England: Longman, Brown, Green, and Longmans.
55.
MeierK. J.HolbrookT. M. (1992). “I seen my opportunities and I took ’em”: Political Corruption in the American states. Journal of Politics, 54, 135-155.
56.
MerrifieldJ. (2000). State government expenditure determinants and tax revenue determinants revisited. Public Choice, 102, 25-50.
57.
MikesellJ. L. (2014). Fiscal administration: Analysis and applications for the public sector (9th ed.). Boston, MA: Wadsworth.
58.
MisiolekW. S.ElderH. W. (1988). Tax structure and the size of government: An empirical analysis of the fiscal illusion and fiscal stress arguments. Public Choice, 57, 233-245.
59.
MoldogazievT. T.LiuC.LubyM. J. (2017). Public corruption in the U.S. states and its impact on public debt pricing. Kyklos: International Review for Social Sciences, 70, 306-329.
60.
MoloneyK.ChuH. Y. (2016). Linking Jamaica’s public service motivations and ethical climate. The American Review of Public Administration, 46, 436-458.
61.
MookherjeeD. (1997). Incentive reforms in developing country bureaucracies: Lessons from tax administration. Washington, DC: World Bank.
62.
MurrayM. N. (1995). Sales tax compliance and audit selection. National Tax Journal, 48, 515-530.
63.
OatesW. E. (1988). On the nature and measurement of fiscal illusion: A survey. In BrennanG. (Eds.), Taxation and fiscal federalism: Essays in honor of Russell Mathews (pp. 65-82). Sydney: Australian National University Press.
64.
OhemengF. L. K.OwusuF. Y. (2015).). Implementing a revenue authority model of tax administration in Ghana: An organizational learning perspective. The American Review of Public Administration, 45, 343-364.
65.
PhillipsA.SalleeC.BallardK.SufranskiD. (2014). Total state and local business taxes: State-by-state estimates for fiscal year 2013. London, U.K.: Ernst & Young.
66.
PommerehneW. W.SchneiderF. (1978). Fiscal illusion, political institutions and local public spending. Kyklos: International Review for Social Sciences, 31, 381-408.
67.
PuvianiA. (1903). Teoria delle illusioni finanziarie [Theory of financial illusion]. Palermo, Italy: Sandron Editore.
68.
RiceE. M. (1992). The corporate tax gap: Evidence on tax compliance by small corporations. In SlemrodJ. (Eds.), Why people pay taxes (pp. 125-161). Ann Arbor: The University of Michigan Press.
69.
SanyalA.GangI. N.GoswamiO. (2000). Corruption, tax evasion and the Laffer curve. Public Choice, 105, 61-78.
70.
SauserL. D. (1993). Economic and political factors as determinants of state revenue and expenditure policy (Doctoral dissertation). The University of Alabama.
71.
SausgruberR.TyranJ. R. (2005). Testing the Mill hypothesis of fiscal illusion. Public Choice, 122, 39-68.
72.
TanziV. (1996). Fiscal federalism and efficiency: A review of some efficiency and macroeconomic aspects. In BrunoM.PleskovicB. (Eds.), Annual World Bank conference on development economics 1995 (pp. 295-316). Washington, DC: World Bank.
73.
TanziV.DavoodiH. R. (1997). Corruption, public investment, and growth (Working Paper No. 97/139). Washington, DC: International Monetary Fund, pp. 295-316.
74.
ThemudoN. S. (2014). Government size, nonprofit sector strength, and corruption: A cross-national examination. The American Review of Public Administration, 44, 309-323.
75.
U.S. Census Bureau. (2010). Glossary of selected terms used in U.S. Census Bureau Publications on State Government Finances. Retrieved from http://www.census.gov/govs/classification/
76.
UslanerE. M. (2010). Tax evasion, corruption, and the social contract in transition. In AlmJ.Martinez-VazquezJ.TorglerB. (Eds.), Developing alternative frameworks for explaining tax compliance (pp. 174-190). New York, NY: Routledge.
77.
Van WagstaffJ. (1965). Income tax consciousness under withholding. Southern Economic Journal, 32, 73-80.
78.
WagnerR. (1976). Revenue structure, fiscal illusion and budgetary choice. Public Choice, 25, 45-61.
79.
WangL. F. S.ConantJ. L. (1988). Corporate tax evasion and output decisions of the uncertain monopolist. National Tax Journal, 41, 579-581.
80.
WuX. (2005). Corporate governance and corruption: A cross-country analysis. Governance: An International Journal of Policy, Administration and Institutions, 18, 151-170.
81.
ZhangY.KimM. H. (2017). Do public corruption convictions influence citizens’ trust in government? The answer might not be a simple yes or no. American Review of Public Administration, 1-14. DOI: 10.1177/0275074017728792